从北宋科举制度的变革看洛蜀党争的起因  

The Reform of the Imperial Examination and the Reasons of the Party Contest between the Luo and the Shu in the Northern Song Dynasty

作　　者：王兆鹏[1] 胡玉尺 WANG Zhao-peng;HU Yu-chi(School of Literature, Wuhan University ,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《湖南大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期35-41,共7页Journal of Hunan University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目:唐宋文学编年系地信息平台建设(12&ZD154)。

摘　　要：王安石在熙宁变法中,将诗赋取士改成经义取士,这一改革举措,在元祐更化时引起了争议。以程颐为首的洛党支持经义取士,而以苏轼为首的蜀党支持诗赋取士,双方由此产生政治分歧。产生这种政治分歧的根本原因,是双方都希望通过控制科举取士制度巩固和扩大己方的政治影响力。洛蜀党争的导火索,是司马光的去世,使得科举制度之争的政治格局发生了改变。随着党争的日益深入,科举取士的制度天平也随之发生倾斜。南宋以后,经义取士制度也随着程朱理学的崛起而日益稳固,并逐渐发展成八股文取士制度。After Wang Anshi carried out the political reform, the Confucian-classics argumentation became the major style in the imperial examination of the Song Dynasty, Instead of the Poetry and Rhapsody. However, the changes caused dissension among administration officials in the following Yuanyou period. The Luo Party led by Cheng Yi supports the Confucian-classics argumentation examination, and the Shu party led by Su Shi supports the Poetry and Rhapsody examination. The root cause of this political divergence is that they all wanted to control the imperial examination, and expand their political influence. The trigger of the party contest is the death of Prime Minister Si Maguang, breaking the political balance. The balance of the imperial examination system was also tilted with the party contest going on. After the Southern Song Dynasty, Cheng-zhu neo-confucianism became the dominant culture in the imperial court, the Confucian-classics argumentation was becoming more and more stable in the imperial examination, and developed into stereotyped writing.

关 键 词：洛蜀党争 程颐 苏轼 诗赋取士 经义取士 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]