司法解释中的出罪事由及其改进逻辑  

Causes of Decriminalization in Judicial Interpretation and Their Improvement Logic

作　　者：石聚航[1] Shi Juhang

机构地区：[1]南昌大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2020年第3期101-116,共16页Global Law Review

基　　金：作者主持的2019年度国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“刑法交互解释研究”(19FFXB037)的研究成果。

摘　　要：我国司法解释中存在一定数量的出罪事由。从类型上可分为但书模式、罪后情节模式和预防必要性降低模式。然而,司法解释中出罪事由的逻辑存在一系列瑕疵,主要表现为:过度夸大但书的功能,导致构成要件的虚化;刑事政策不当渗透刑法规范引发出罪评价基准混乱;坚持整体危害评价的立场,导致现有的出罪事由无法有效解决共犯等问题。应当基于区分“不法与责任”“责任刑与预防刑”的立场,对司法解释中的出罪事由予以重构。具体路径为:取消但书规定并通过强化构成要件的实质解释排除不值得刑罚处罚的事项;剔除罪后情节作为出罪事由并按照定罪免刑处理;将预防必要性降低因素从出罪事由调整为刑罚裁量事由;肯定违法性认识必要说立场从而拓展法定犯的出罪事由。通过上述重构,可分层次明晰裁判认定出罪的具体理由,充分展示出罪的逻辑表达,避免出罪标准的混乱。There are a certain number of causes of decriminalization in judicial interpretations of the Criminal Law in China.In terms of type,they can be divided into proviso mode,post-crime plot mode and prevention necessity reduction mode.However,the causes of decriminalization in judicial interpretations have a series of logical flaws,the main manifestations of which are the followings:overstating the function of proviso,leading to the non-substantiation of constitutive elements;inappropriate penetration of criminal policy into criminal law norms,leading to the confusion of the criteria of evaluation of causes of decriminalization;and adherence to the position of overall hazard assessment,resulting in the inability of existing causes of decriminalization to effectively solve the accomplice issues.Based on the standpoint of distinguishing between“wrongfulness from responsibility”and between“responsibility punishment from prevention punishment”,the causes of decriminalization in judicial interpretation should be reconstructed.The specific approaches to the reconstruction include:abolishing proviso and strengthen the substantive interpretation of constituent elements to exclude matters that are not worth of the penalty;deleting the post-criminal plot as a cause of decriminalization and,instead,treating it as a cause for conviction with exemption from punishment;changing the role of prevention necessity reduction factors from that of causes of decriminalization to that of causes of sentencing discretion;and confirming the illegality cognition necessity theory,so as to expand the causes of decriminalization of mala prohibita.Through the above reconstruction measures,the concrete causes of decriminalization in judgment practice can be clarified tin different levels,the logical expression of decriminalization can be fully demonstrated,and the confusions about the standards on decriminalization can be avoided.

关 键 词：司法解释 出罪事由 改进逻辑 犯罪论体系 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]