低位直肠癌保功能手术的相关问题  

Issues related to function preserving operation for low rectal cancer

作　　者：王楠 何显力 Wang Nan;He Xianli(Department of General Surgery,Tangdu Hospital,the Air Force Medical University,Xi’an 710038,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学附属唐都医院普通外科,西安710038

出　　处：《中华消化外科杂志》2020年第3期275-283,共9页Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery

基　　金：陕西省社会发展领域一般项目(2019SF-004)。

摘　　要：外科手术是治疗直肠癌的基础,尤其是对于低位直肠癌,在追求远期肿瘤学疗效的同时,如何更好地兼顾患者术后生命质量,保留正常生理功能,一直是业界关注的重要问题。近年来,随着对直肠癌病理学与分子病理学理解的深入、多学科综合诊断与治疗策略的优化与发展、全直肠系膜切除术和保留盆腔自主神经等手术技术和治疗理念的引入,以及技术设备与外科手术方式的持续创新,低位直肠癌保功能手术得到不断完善与持续发展。直肠癌外科领域未来的发展方向无疑将更多地体现在功能的保留与保护等方面。对于低位直肠癌患者,在保证肿瘤根治前提下如何最大限度地保留功能,有赖于精准选择以循证医学证据为基础的治疗策略和精细地施行个体化的保肛手术。Surgery is the basis of the treatment for rectal cancer,especially for low rectal cancer.How to maintain a good quality of life and keep physiological function for patients after surgery while pursuing a long-term survival has been an important issue.In recent years,function preservation operation for low rectal cancer has continuously developed because of the deep understanding of the pathology and molecular pathology of rectal cancer,optimization and development of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment,introduction of total mesorectal excision and pelvic autonomic nerve preservation,and the continuous innovation of medical equipment and surgical operation.The development of rectal cancer surgery will undoubtedly be more manifested in functional preservation and protection.For low rectal cancer patients,achieving maximum function preservation under the premise of radical resection relies on the precise treatment based on evidence-based medicine and the individualized anus preserving operation.

关 键 词：直肠肿瘤 根治术 功能 保留肛门手术 保留盆腔自主神经 

分 类 号：R735[医药卫生—肿瘤]