雇主“拒绝协商”型不当劳动行为的法律认定与规制路径  

Why Negotiation is Mandatory?--Legal Identification and Regulation of Employer's“Refusal to Negotiate”Improper Labor Practices

作　　者：徐志强[1] Xu Zhiqiang

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2020年第3期114-128,共15页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：重庆教委人文社科项目(16SKH014)“集体劳动关系法律调整机制的实现研究”;中国法学会课题(GLS2018C31)“《集体合同法》立法研究”。

摘　　要：对集体协商中的“自治性”进行法律干预,是劳动法实质正义理念的客观要求。没有规制“拒绝协商”在内的不当劳动行为制度,就没有集体劳动关系法。认定雇主拒绝协商的不当劳动行为,在主体构成上需要对该行为权责主体之内涵进行扩展解释,在主观构成上需要论证雇主应否具备“反工会”之动机,在客体构成上需要确证集体协商权之行使何以达到正当性要求,在客观构成上需要寻觅雇主可以正当拒绝协商的纾解情由,进而全面把握该类行为的法律界定标准。未来规制拒绝协商的不当劳动行为,应当从扩展协商双方主体的内涵、明晰集体协商的代表主体、强化劳方集体协商权的保障、界明必要性协商事项、健全集体协商的运行程序、压实诚信协商原则的基本内容、善用激励机制降低“拒绝协商”发生的概率等主要方面对其进行系统性规范立法。The legal intervention to"autonomy"in collective bargaining is an objective requirement of the idea of substantive justice of labor law.There is no collective labor relations law without regulating the unfair labor practices including"refusal to negotiate".To determine the improper labor behavior of the employer refusing to negotiate,on the subject constitution,it is necessary to expand and interpret the connotation of the behavior's right and responsibility.On the subjective constitution,it is necessary to prove whether the employer should have the motive of"anti-trade union".On the object constitution,it is necessary to confirm how the exercise of collective bargaining right meets the requirement of legitimacy.On the objective constitution,it is necessary to find the proper relief reasons for employers to refuse to bargain,in order to fully grasp the legal definition standard of the act.We should do following to legislate and regulate the unfair labor practice of"refusal to negotiate"in the future:expanding the connotation of the main subject of both parties,clarifying the representative of collective bargaining,strengthening the protection of the right of collective bargaining of the labor side,defining the compulsory bargaining items,perfecting the operation procedure of collective bargaining,realizing the basic content of the principle of good faith negotiation,and reducing the probability of"refusal to negotiate"by the reward system.

关 键 词：集体协商 不当劳动行为 拒绝协商 非诚信协商 

分 类 号：D912.[政治法律—法学]