二次骨劈开技术在下颌狭窄牙槽嵴中的应用研究  

Application of two-stage ridge splitting technique in atrophic mandibular alveolar ridge

作　　者：李晓梅[1] 鲍济波[1] 谢志刚[1] Li Xiaomei;Bao Jibo;Xie Zhigang(Dept.of Implantology,The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Kunming 530102,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学附属口腔医院种植科,昆明530102

出　　处：《华西口腔医学杂志》2020年第3期338-342,共5页West China Journal of Stomatology

基　　金：云南省医疗卫生单位内设研究机构科研项目(2016NS117);昆明医科大学研究生创新基金资助项目(2019S102)。

摘　　要：足够的骨量空间是牙种植成功的首要条件,然而临床上常遇到患者缺牙区垂直向骨量足够但水平向骨量不足的情况,因此很难获得较为理想的种植体植入位置和方向,严重者无法直接植入合适的植体。下颌骨组织由于其有机质的含量低于上颌,且下颌骨颊舌侧骨板较厚,质地致密,因此下颌骨的弹性和顺应性均低于上颌骨。再者,下颌骨的血供较差,吻合支较少,若单纯采用一次骨劈开技术容易发生唇(颊)侧骨板断裂、坏死。因此,对于下颌缺牙区水平骨宽度不足、垂直骨量充足的病例多选择采用二次骨劈开技术行水平向的骨增量。本文针对二次骨劈开技术的应用原理及条件、术中注意事项及操作要点、临床效果、颊侧骨板吸收的原因等进行综述。Adequate bone volume is the primary condition for successful dental implants.However,sufficient bone volume is often encountered in the vertical direction,but the bone volume in the buccolingual direction is insufficient,making it less suitable to be implanted.If the traditional spitting technique is used in the mandible,fracture and necrosis can easily occur in the labial(buccal)bone plate due to the absence of elasticity,thick cortical bone,poor blood supply,and anastomotic branch.The two-stage ridge splitting technique can be used in patients with narrow alveolar ridge in the mandible.This study summarizes the principles and conditions of application,operational points,clinical efficacy,and analysis of the causes of buccal bone plate absorption.

关 键 词：二次骨劈开 下颌 狭窄牙槽嵴 牙种植 

分 类 号：R783.4[医药卫生—口腔医学]