格曼语、甘孜藏语、桃坪羌语“格”范畴的对比分析  

A Contrastive Analysis of Case Categories in Geman, Garze Tibetan and Taoping Qiang Languages

作　　者：林鑫 王韵佳 李大勤[2] LIN Xin;WANG Yunjia;LI Daqin(Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学,北京100024 [2]中国传媒大学人文学院,北京100024

出　　处：《百色学院学报》2020年第2期22-31,共10页JOURNAL OF BAISE UNIVERSITY

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“中国民族语言语法标注文本及软件平台”(项目编号:10zd&124);国家社科基金一般课题“格曼语的深度描写及其与藏语、羌语的语法对比研究”(项目编号:13BYY138);中国语言资源保护工程“民族语言调查·西藏察隅格曼语”(项目编号:YB15SB10A006)。

摘　　要：文章对同属藏缅语族的沙琼格曼语、甘孜藏语、桃坪羌语三种语言的"格"范畴进行对比分析,文章所讨论的"格"范畴限于"形态格"和"句法格",主要结论是:三种语言的"格"范畴存在明显的共性与差异,共性主要表现在三种语言的句子结构中的名词性成分都有格要求,且名词性词语"格"范畴的句法表现都是二分格局,其中主格和宾格都来自句法结构位置,斜格主要用后加助词的方式来表现,而斜格的表达兼具句法语义性质;差异则表现在三个方面,一是桃坪羌语的代词和名词使用不同的"格"范畴表达手段;二是沙琼格曼语中的领属标记比较独立,不与其他标记同形;三是甘孜藏语有独立的伴随标记且其处所论元与源点论元使用不同的格标记。该研究可以为藏羌语支的语法历史类型学研究提供借鉴。This article makes a comparative analysis of the case categories in Geman, Garze Tibetan and Taoping Qiang Languages. The categories of case discussed here are limited to "morphological case" and "syntactic case". The main conclusion is that there are obvious similarities and differences in the categories of case in the three languages. The commonness is mainly shown in that the nominal components in the sentence structures of the three languages all have case requirements, and the syntactic expression of the nominal word case categories is a dichotomy pattern, in which both the nominative case and the object case come from the position of the syntactic structure. The oblique case is mainly expressed by adding auxiliaries, while the expression of the oblique case has the nature of syntactic meaning. The differences are shown in three aspects: a) pronouns and nouns in Taoping Qiang language use different expressions of case categories, b) The ownership markers in Shaqiong’s Geman language are relatively independent and are not homomorphic with other markers, and c) Garze Tibetan language has independent concomitant markers and its locative argument and source argument use different case markers.

关 键 词：“格”范畴 格曼语 甘孜藏语 桃坪羌语 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学] H42