考虑资源和时间窗约束的应急物资调配模型  

Emergency material allocation in consideration of resource and time window constraints

作　　者：吕伟[1,2] 李志红 冯满满 毛盾 赵相成 LYU Wei;LI Zhihong;FENG Manman;MAO Dun;ZHAO Xiangcheng(China Research Center for Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China;School of Safety Science and Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China;School of Software,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学中国应急管理研究中心,湖北武汉430070 [2]武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [3]华中科技大学软件学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2019年第12期137-143,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(51604204);中国博士后科学基金资助(2018M632937);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019IVA075,2019III053GX).

摘　　要：针对灾后初期应急物资紧缺以及不同受灾点、不同应急物资时间窗约束亦不相同的情况,开展应急物资配送以及车辆路径规划问题研究;以最大化时间满意度和需求满意度为目标,同时兼顾应急救援过程中的公平性原则,构建基于综合时间窗约束下的应急物资配送路径方案生成模型;采用亚当斯的公平分配理论计算需求满意度,并通过遗传算法原理求解模型;结合实际案例,对比分析不同公平分配方法求解所得结果,从而选择最佳物资调配方案,并识别物资配送路径中关键路段,以便加强防护,保障物资运输通畅。结果表明:该方法可高效解决资源紧缺情况下应急物资调配及车辆路径方案生成问题,并能有效识别关键运输路段。In view of emergency supply shortage at beginning of disasters,different disaster sites and constrain of time windows,studies were carried out on supply delivery and vehicle path planning. Then,a path scheme generation model of emergency material delivery was constructed based on constraint of comprehensive time windows,aiming at maximizing time and demand satisfaction while taking principle of fairness during rescue taken into consideration. Secondly,demand satisfaction was calculated by using S. Adams’ fair theory,and the model was solved with genetic algorithm. Then,based on real cases,results of different fair distribution methods were compared and analyzed to choose the best allocation plan and identify critical segments along delivery paths to ensure smooth transportation. The results show that this model can not only solve problems of emergency materials distribution and vehicle route generation under shortage of materials,but also effectively identify key transportation roads.

关 键 词：应急物资调配 公平分配 时间窗 遗传算法 路径规划 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]