广东雷州湾和汕头沿海湿地越冬水鸟多样性  

Diversity of Wintering Waterbirds at the Coastal Wetlands of Leizhou and Shantou,Guangdong

作　　者：张敏[1] 车先丽 彭逸生[2] 邹发生[1] ZHANG Min;CHE Xian-li;PENG Yi-sheng;ZOU Fa-sheng(Guangdong Academy of Sciences/Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization/Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization,Guangzhou 510260,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省科学院/广东省生物资源应用研究所/广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室/广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室,广东广州510260 [2]中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2020年第5期553-559,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目;广东省林业局野生动植物保护管理项目;广东省科学院建设国内一流研究机构行动专项资金项目(2019GDASYL-0203001);广东省科学院科技发展专项(2018GDASCX-0107);广东省科技计划项目(2018B030324003)。

摘　　要：广东省海岸线长,沿海湿地资源丰富,但开展长期水鸟观测的湿地较少。为更好掌握广东沿海湿地鸟类多样性分布情况,识别广东沿海湿地生态环境主要问题和评估生态系统稳定性,于2016—2019年对广东西部雷州湾和东部汕头沿海湿地进行越冬水鸟观测,研究两地越冬水鸟群落物种、功能和谱系多样性的差异。共记录到水鸟6目10科63种96048只,其中汕头沿海越冬水鸟群落主要由鸻形目、雁形目和鹳形目组成,而雷州湾则仅以鸻形目为主。两地水鸟群落物种多样性指数无显著差异,以体重、食性和取食层为特征的功能均匀度也无显著差异,但汕头沿海水鸟功能分异度高于雷州湾。在谱系结构上,雷州湾水鸟表现为聚集(SES.MPD<0),即主要受环境过滤影响;而汕头沿海则表现为分散(SES.MPD>0),以物种竞争为主要驱动力。以上结果表明两地水鸟群落构建机制存在差异,反映了当地地理位置、生境组成和人为干扰等环境因素的影响。建议研究区鸟类保护措施和生态恢复策略应根据水鸟群落特点制定。Guangdong has the longest coastline of all provinces in China,with many coastal wetland types.However,long term waterbird observation,which is crucial for wetland conservation,has only been carried out in a few sites.To understand the wetland bird diversity patterns of the Guangdong coast,identify the main ecological environment problems and assess the ecosystem stability,surveys were conducted every winter between 2016-2019 at Leizhou Bay and Shantou coastal wetlands.Species-level,functional and phylogenetic diversities were analyzed separately.After three years of observation,a total of 96048 waterbird individuals belonging to 63 species,10 families and 6 orders were recorded.Among them,the wintering waterbirds in Shantou consisted of members of the Charadriiformes,Anseriformes and Ciconiiformes,while members of the Charadriiformes dominated in Leizhou Bay.There was no significant difference in species diversity between the two sites.Though,no significant difference was observed in functional evenness of traits for body mass,feeding guild and foraging location,functional divergence of these traits were significantly higher in Shantou than in Leizhou Bay.Two phylogenetic diversity indices including mean pairwise distance and mean nearest taxon distance all shown significant difference between the two sites.The results of the phylogenetic diversity analysis show the waterbird assemblages in Leizhou Bay were mainly structured by environmental filtering,which were phylogenetically clustered(SES.MPD<0).In contrast,asemblages in Shantou were phylogenetically overdispersed(SES.MPD>0),showing some interspecific competition in this area.The result indicates that the differences of functional traits and phylogenetic structures were driven by local geographical location,habitat composition,human disturbance and other environmental factors.Corresponding protection measures and ecological restoration strategies should be developed according to the characteristics of the respective waterbird assemblages.

关 键 词：水鸟 物种多样性 功能多样性 谱系多样性 雷州湾 汕头沿海 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q958.1[生物学—动物学]