希腊造型艺术形成与“突破”中的“他者”因素  

The“Other”Factor in the Formation and“Breakthrough”of Greek Plastic Art

作　　者：吾淳 WU Chun

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学哲学与法政学院哲学与跨文化研究所,上海200234

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第3期119-128,共10页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：上海高校高峰高原学科建设项目成果。

摘　　要：考察希腊造型艺术形成与“突破”中的“他者”因素,确切地说,主要是考察埃及艺术与希腊艺术相互关系。文章包括八个方面内容,分别是:一、早期希腊人的造型艺术;二、希腊之侧“他者”即埃及的造型艺术;三、独立或独特视角:克里特岛米诺斯文明;四、“东方化”进程:希腊造型艺术“突破”的基础;五、绘画与雕塑:从抽象到具象、从象征到写实;六、绘画与雕塑:法则意识的确立;七、建筑:神庙与柱式等形式和风格;八、简短的归结。文章认为,评价或比较埃及与希腊艺术,不应当仅看两者的区别或差异,更不是用后者否定前者;而应当也看前者对后者的影响,即前者对后者的哺育和启迪。正是埃及艺术引领希腊艺术走出象征,走向写实,走出抽象,走向具象,这无疑对后来希腊艺术产生了深刻影响;同时,埃及也教会了希腊人,造型艺术有一定的法则可依,有一定的比例可度。这就是说,在希腊一侧有一个非常好的“他者”,即贡布里希所说的“师傅”或“老师”,有一个非常好的造型艺术范式或样本。这个造型艺术范式或样本绝不应当仅仅从埃及自身来认识或理解,而一定应当从对另一侧的“他者”也就是希腊施加影响来理解。并且,这一影响是持续不断的。从某种意义上说,希腊或西方艺术的“突破”其实从埃及就已经开始,不妨将其视作是一个埃及—希腊“突破”的连续性结构,即埃及与希腊应当看作是一个“突破”的整体。The paper studies the“other”factors in the formation and“breakthrough”of Greek plastic arts.To be exact,it mainly examines the interrelationship between Egyptian art and Greek art.The paper consists of eight parts:first,the plastic arts of the early Greeks;second,the“other”side of the Greek,that is,Egyptian plastic arts;third,the independent or unique perspective:the Minoan civilization of Crete;fourth,the process of“orientalization”:the basis of the“breakthrough”of Greek plastic arts;fifth,painting and sculpture:from abstraction to figuration,from symbolism to realism;sixth,painting and sculpture:establishment of law consciousness;seventh,architecture:forms and styles of holy temples and columns;eighth,brief summary.The paper holds that in evaluating or comparing Egyptian and Greek art,we should not only look at the difference between the two,let alone negate the former with the latter,rather,we should look at the former’s influence on the latter,that is,the former’s nurturing and enlightenment on the latter.It was the Egyptian art that led the Greek art to move from symbolism to realism,from abstraction to concreteness,which undoubtedly had a profound impact on the later Greek art.At the same time,Egypt also taught the Greeks that plastic art had certain rules to follow and a certain proportion to pass.That is to say,there is a very good“other”on the Greek side,that is,what Gombrich called“master”or“teacher”,and there is a very good plastic art paradigm or sample.This plastic art paradigm or sample should not only be understood or understood from Egypt itself,but must be understood from exerting influence on the other side of the other,that is,Greece.Furthermore,this influence is continuous.In a sense,the“breakthrough”of Greek or Western art actually begun in Egypt.It may be regarded as a continuous structure of Egyptian-Greek“breakthrough”,namely,Egypt and Greece should be regarded as a whole of“breakthrough”.

关 键 词：希腊 造型艺术 突破 他者 埃及 因素 

分 类 号：J06[艺术—艺术理论]