功能性构音障碍患者异常塞擦音的语音特点及语音训练效果  

Articulation Characteristics and Speech Training Effect of Patients with Abnormal Affricates of Functional Articulation Disorders

作　　者：徐丽娜[1] 贾志阳[2] 李峰[1] Xu Lina;Jia Zhiyang;Li Feng(Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine.Department of Speech Therapy,the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,450052,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学第一附属医院语音治疗科,郑州450052 [2]郑州大学第一附属医院影像与核医学科

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2020年第3期247-252,共6页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

基　　金：河南省卫计委科技基金资助项目(No.201003030);河南省教育厅科技基金资助项目(No.2009A320023)。

摘　　要：目的探讨功能性构音障碍(functional articulation disorders,FAD)患者异常塞擦音的语音特点和语音训练方法。方法采用塞擦音评估字表借助计算机语音工作站对90例4~25岁FAD异常塞擦音患者进行语音评估,分析患者的语音特点,探究异常塞擦音/j/、/q/、/z/、/c/、/zh/、/ch/的年龄特征、构音错误方式、错误表现形式;通过语音训练针对性纠正异常塞擦音构音部位及构音方式的错误,观察疗效。结果FAD异常塞擦音患者中4~6、7~12、13~17、18~25岁年龄段所占比例依次为68.89%(62/90)、22.22%(20/90)、5.56%(5/90)、3.33%(3/90),/zh/、/ch/音错误率最高,为96.67%,其他依次为/c/音(87.78%)、/z/音(84.44%)、/q/音(72.22%)、/j/音(41.11%)。错误率最高的错误方式为塞音化(63.33%),其他主要为舌尖中音化(56.67%)、扭曲(51.11%)、不送气化(36.67%)、舌尖前音化(30.00%)及舌面音化(30.00%)。经过4~16次语音训练,90例患者中完全治愈80例,部分治愈10例,塞擦音错误字数由训练前的56.57±18.63个减少到训练后的3.50±1.72个,差异有统计学意义(t=28.494,P<0.001)。结论FAD患者异常塞擦音主要见于/zh/、/ch/音,其次为/c/、/z/、/q/、/j/音;主要的错误方式为塞音化;根据构音错误部位及构音错误方式针对性语音训练是矫治异常塞擦音的有效措施。Objective To investigate the articulation characteristics and speech training approaches of patients with abnormal affricates of functional articulation disorders(FAD).Methods The speech assessment was established through the word list of affricates and computer speech lab,then the articulation characteristics of 90 patients aged 4 to 25 years old with abnormal affricates of FAD were studied.Then age characteristics,erroneous articulation patterns and error forms of affricate/j/,/q/,/z/,/c/,/zh/and/ch/were analyzed.The targeted speech training was established aiming at correcting the erroneous places and types of articulation.Results The patients aged 4~6 years old,7~12 years old,13~17 years old and 18~25 years old accounted for 68.89%(62/90),22.22%(20/90),5.56%(5/90)and 3.33%(3/90),respectively.The error rate of/zh/and/ch/was 96.67%which was the highest,followed by/c/(87.78%),/z/(84.44%),/q/(72.22%)and/j/(41.11%).The error rate of stopping was 63.33%which was the highest among all the erroneous patterns,followed by blade-alveolar(56.67%),distortion(51.11%),unaspiration(36.67%),dental(30.00%)and alveo-palatal sound(30.00%).Eight cases completely cured,10 cases partially cured after 4 to 16 times of training.The number of incorrect words of affricate decreased to(3.50±1.72)after speech therapy from(56.57±18.63)before speech training was established.The differences were statistically significant(t=28.494,P<0.001).Conclusion Abnormal affricates of FAD were mainly found in consonants such as/zh/and/ch/followed by/c/,/z/,/q/,/j/.The main erroneous pattern was distortion.The targeted speech therapy hereby established according to the erroneous places and forms of articulation was significantly effective.

关 键 词：功能性构音障碍 塞擦音 语音特点 语音训练 

分 类 号：H018.4[语言文字—语言学]