苦荞种质资源遗传多样性分析及抗霜霉病种质筛选  

Genetic diversity analysis and downy mildew resistance screening of tartary buckwheat germplasm resources

作　　者：李春花[1,2] 陈蕤坤 黄金亮[4] 孙道旺 卢文洁[1] 王艳青[1] 尹桂芳[1] 任长忠[2] 王莉花[1] LI Chun-hua;CHEN Rui-kun;HUANG Jin-Liang;SUN Dao-wang;LUWen-jie;WANG Yan-qing;YIN Gui-fang;REN Chang-zhong;WANG Li-hua(Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology/Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Kunming 650223,China;Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baicheng,Jilin 137000,China;Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences,University of Tsukuba,Tsukuba 3058572,Japan;Dunhua Potato Development and Breeding Center,Dunhua,Jilin 133700,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所/云南省农业生物技术重点实验室/农业农村部西南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,昆明650223 [2]吉林省白城市农业科学院,吉林白城137000 [3]筑波大学生命环境系,日本筑波3058572 [4]吉林省敦化市马铃薯开发繁育中心,吉林敦化133700

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第4期740-747,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860412);国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-08-C-2)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析132份苦荞种质资源的遗传多样性,并筛选出抗霜霉病种质,为苦荞的抗霜霉病品种选育及遗传改良提供理论参考。【方法】对来自山西和云南的132份苦荞种质材料进行主要农艺性状测定及霜霉病抗性鉴定,分析其遗传多样性,并对其进行聚类分析和主成分分析,筛选出抗霜霉病种质。【结果】132份苦荞种质资源的遗传多样性较丰富。在8个主要农艺性状中,生育日数、主茎节数和千粒重的变异系数均小于10.0%,表明这3个性状遗传差异较小,而株粒数和株粒重的变异系数均大于30.0%,表明这2个性状的遗传差异较大。132份苦荞种质材料在遗传距离7.936处聚为四大类群。四大类群的农艺性状存在明显差异,第I类是千粒重较高的材料,第Ⅱ类是一级分枝数较多的材料,第Ⅲ类是株粒数和株粒重较高的材料,第Ⅳ类是株高、主茎节数和茎粗较高的材料。主成分分析的前4个主成分能反映出所测农艺性状的主要信息,累积贡献率为79.593%。132份苦荞种质材料的霜霉病抗性鉴定结果表明,高抗材料35份,中抗材料22份,中感材料26份,高感材料49份。其中,发病叶率<50.00%、病情指数<10.00%的高抗材料共7份(SZ-1、SZ-37、SZ-61、SZ-84、SZ-86、SZ-89和SZ-90)。【结论】132份苦荞种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。筛选出的7份高抗种质材料可用作高抗霜霉病苦荞新品种选育的亲本材料。【Objective】To provide a theoretical basis for the downy mildew resistance breeding and genetic improvement of tartary buckwheat by analyzing the genetic diversity of 132 tartary buckwheat germplasm resources and screening for downy mildew resistant germplasms.【Method】Genetic diversity analysis,cluster analysis and principal component analysis of main agronomic traits and downy mildew resistance identification was studied using 132 tartary buckwheat germplasm resources from Shanxi and Yunnan,in a bid to select the downy mildew resistant germplasms.【Result】The genetic diversity of the 132 tartary buckwheat resources was very rich.Among eight main agronomic traits,the coefficients of variation of the growing duration,number of the main stalk section and thousand kernel weight were less than 10.0%,indicating that the genetic differences among these three traits were small.The coefficients of variation of number of seeds per plant and seed weight per plant were both greater than 30.0%,indicating that the genetic differences between the two traits were large.The 132 tartary buckwheat germplasm materials were grouped into four clusters at a genetic distance of 7.936.Obvious differences existed in the agronomic traits of the four clusters,they were cluster I with high thousand kernel weight,cluster II with large number of first branch number,clusterⅢwith large number of seeds per plant and high seed weight per plant,clusterⅣwith high plant height,large number of the main stalk section and large stem diameter.The principal component analysis revealed that the first four principal components reflected the main information of the agronomic traits,the cumulative contribution rate was 79.593%.Resistance identification results to downy mildew showed that among the 132 materials,35 were in high resistance,22 moderate resistance,26 moderate susceptibility and 49 high sensibility.Among them,there were 7 high-resistance materials(SZ-1,SZ-37,SZ-61,SZ-84,SZ-86,SZ-89,SZ-90)with a proportion of diseased leaves less tha

关 键 词：苦荞 种质资源 农艺性状 霜霉病 遗传多样性 聚类分析 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S517.024[农业科学—作物学]