高密度草本化栽培对饲料桑全株产量及品质的影响  

Influence of high planting density herbal cultivating on yield and quality of whole-plant mulberry(Morus alba)

作　　者：王红林 左艳春[1] 周晓康[1] 严旭[1] 寇晶[1] 蒲军[2] 张浩仁 杜周和[1,2] WANG Honglin;ZUO Yanchun;ZHOU Xiaokang;YAN Xu;KOU Jing;PU Jun;ZHANG Haoren;DU Zhouhe(Animal Husbandry Research Center of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong 637000,Sichuan,China;Sericultural Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong 637000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院牧业研究中心,四川南充637000 [2]四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所,四川南充637000

出　　处：《草业科学》2020年第5期952-962,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：四川省重点研发项目(2018NZ0058);四川省财政创新能力提升工程项目(2016TSCY-007);四川省重点研发项目(2019YFN0022)。

摘　　要：为明确密度对饲料桑‘特优2号’(Morus alba‘teyou No.2’)全株产量及饲用价值的影响,探讨最适栽培密度。采用单因素随机区组设计,连续3年对不同密度下的饲料桑产量进行测定,并就进入丰产期的饲料桑农艺性状及营养品质进行评定。结果显示,密度对饲料桑产量有显著影响(P<0.05)。随着栽植年限的增加,饲料桑产量呈现逐年增加的趋势,同一年份内均以105000 plant·hm^-2密度下产量最高。饲料桑的总产量变化趋势与其产叶量的变化一致;密度对饲料桑的茎叶比无显著影响(P>0.05)。随着密度的增加株高、总分枝数呈现先升高后略降低的趋势,株高变幅为75.33~78.33 cm,分枝数变幅为11.67~12.33;主茎粗、单枝叶片数随着密度增加而降低,茎粗变幅为0.64~0.75 cm,叶片数变幅为11.67~12.67。密度对饲料桑饲用品质影响显著。随着密度的增加,饲料桑全株粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)、粗脂肪(ether extract,EE)含量先升高后降低,在105000 plant·hm^-2密度下全株CP和EE含量最高,分别为16.60%和3.67%;中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)随着密度的增加而逐渐增高,在75000 plant·hm^-2密度下最低,均值为42.84%和30.18%;灰分(crude ash,CA)含量随着密度的增加呈逐渐升高的趋势,最高为8.69%;所有密度下的相对饲用价值(relative feed value,RFV)范围为128.19~141.93。综合考虑,适宜川东北地区推广的高产、优质饲料桑栽培密度为105000 plant·hm^-2。In order to select the optimum planting density of forage mulberry(Morus alba),a planting density experiment in a randomized complete block design was carried out over three years in Northeast Sichuan,South China,using a forage mulberry cultivar('teyou No.2')using three planting densities(75000,105000,and 135000 plant·ha^-1).The above-ground biomass productivity,agronomic characteristics,and feeding value of the whole-plant forage mulberry were evaluated.Results showed that the biomass yield of forage mulberry,including stems and leaves,increased with planting year.Planting density had a significant effect(P<0.05)on the biomass yield of forage mulberry.The highest yield was obtained under 105000 plants·ha^-1 in the same year.The above-ground biomass increased with increasing leaf content,and the stem-leaf ratio remained constant regardless of initial planting density.Plant height and total branch number increased at first,and then decreased slightly with increasing density.The ranges of plant height and total branch number across the three densities were 75.33~77.00 cm and 11.67~12.33,respectively.The main stem diameter and leaf number per stem decreased with increasing density,and the ranges of these two traits across the three densities were 0.64~0.75 cm and 11.67~12.67,respectively.A significant effect of plant density on feeding value was observed.The crude protein(CP)and ether extract(EE)content of the whole plant increased at first,then decreased with increasing density.The CP and EE contents,which were both highest at 105000 plant·ha^-1,measured in at 16.60%and 3.67%at this density,respectively.The NDF(neutral detergent fiber)and ADF(acid detergent fiber)contents gradually increased with increasing density,with minimums of 42.84%and 30.18%at 75000 plant·ha^-1,respectively.The crude ash content gradually increased with increasing density,and peaked at 8.69%at 135000 plants·ha^-1.The relative feeding value of the whole forage mulberry plant under the three densities ranged from 128.19 to 141.93,demonstr

关 键 词：饲料桑 密度 草本化栽培 产量 生长速度 营养价值 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]