宋代书院的《四书》学教育  

The Four Books tradition and education in academies of the Song Dynasty

作　　者：朱汉民[1] ZHU Hanmin(Yuelu Academy,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《中南大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期1-10,共10页Journal of Central South University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“四书学与中国思想传统的重建和整合研究”(15AZD032)。

摘　　要：中国文化史上出现了宋代书院与理学学术同时兴起的现象。理学家以《四书》作为书院教育的经典,将理学化《四书》学广泛传播于民间社会,深刻影响了朝野的士大夫群体。宋儒《四书》学确定了"学以成圣"的教育目标,鼓励士大夫具有崇高的道德人格,能够承担起共治天下的政治责任。宋儒通过书院的《四书》学教育,提升士人作为政治主体、文化主体的追求,并推动理学在民间社会的传播,促进了士大夫群体思想共识的形成。In the history of Chinese culture, there arose a particular episode of the simultaneous advent of academies of the Song Dynasty and the flourishing of Neo-Ruist thought. The Neo-Ruists, taking the Four Books as the canonical works upon which education in the academies was to be based, widely disseminated a Neo-Ruist version of the Four Books tradition in the folk society at large, which in turn exerted a profound effect on the scholar-official class, both inside and outside the imperial court. The Four Books tradition of the Song Ruists established "studying to achieve sagehood" as the goal of education, and encouraged the scholar-officials to attain noble and moral personality, which meant to enable them to take upon themselves the great political responsibility of co-governing the whole and wide world. The Song Ruists, by exploiting education in academies based on the Four Books, enhanced the pursuit of the scholar-officials as both political and cultural subjects, provided impetus for the dissemination of Neo-Ruist teachings in folk society, and promoted the formation of the "thought collective" among the scholar-officials.

关 键 词：《四书》学 书院 理学 教育 思想共识 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]