人工智能技术变革的收入分配效应研究:前沿进展与综述  

The Income Distribution Effect of the Artificial Intelligence Technology:Frontier Progress and Literature Review

作　　者：朱琪[1] 刘红英 Zhu Qi;Liu Hongying

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学经管学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2020年第2期111-125,128,共16页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目:“高管业绩薪酬激励计划影响盈余管理的机理及其经济后果:基于跨期动态契约的视角”(编号:71572062)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文章从人工智能的技术特征出发,基于功能性和规模性收入分配视角,梳理了人工智能的收入分配机制与效应。从机理上看,人工智能的资本偏向性通过用资本替代劳动,降低劳动收入份额,扩大了要素收入差距;人工智能的数据偏向性通过发挥数据优势,催生“赢者通吃”市场,扩大了数字平台企业间和企业内的收入差距;人工智能的技能偏向性通过提高技能溢价和岗位极化,扩大了技能、岗位内部的工资差距,但同时也通过推动技能需求变化和组织变革,增加女性就业与收入,缩小性别收入差距。从分配效应看,短期内人工智能的技术偏向性会使数据、技术、资本和高技能劳动力等要素优先受益,收入差距扩大,但从长期看,随着人工智能生产率效应和岗位创造效应释放,以及高技能人才供给增加,收入差距扩大趋势将得到缓解。此外,针对数据、资本和劳动要素的收入分配政策调整,也有助于治理人工智能引致的国民收入分配失衡问题。Starting from the technical characteristics of artificial intelligence,this paper systematically reviews the income distribution mechanism and effects of artificial intelligence.For the mechanism of income distribution,the capital orientation of artificial intelligence has reduced the share of labor income by replacing labor with capital,which has widened the gap of factors’return.The information orientation of artificial intelligence has created the“winner takes all”market,and expanded the income gap between and within the digital platforms who have taken advantage of the information.The skill orientation of artificial intelligence has raised the income gap among different skills and occupations,which contributes to the increased skill premium and job polarization respectively.However,the skill orientation of artificial intelligence may also change the skill demand and the organization,which favors the employment of females,and thus narrows down gender gap in income.For the effect on income distribution,the factors of data,technology,capital and high skilled labor benefit from the technology orientation of artificial intelligence,and the income gap will increase in the short run.In the long run,this trend would slow down when the labor productivity and job creation start to take effect and the high skilled talent supply increases.In addition,the adjustment of income distribution policies will also help to solve the income distribution problems of artificial intelligence.

关 键 词：人工智能 技术偏向性 收入分配 收入差距 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]