类型学视野下的选择性疑问代词研究——以中国境内少数民族语言为例  

Selective Interrogative Pronouns in China’s Ethnic Minority Languages:A Typological Perspective

作　　者：陈滢竹 乐明[2] CHEN Yingzhu;YUE Ming

机构地区：[1]广西中医药大学,南宁530200 [2]浙江大学,杭州310058

出　　处：《民族语文》2020年第2期75-84,共10页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“壮语词汇的计量语言学研究(17BYY182)”的支持。

摘　　要：本文考察发现59种中国境内少数民族语言或方言具有选择性疑问代词。与普通疑问代词不同的是,选择性疑问代词表示在“有定的范围,不定的对象”中进行选择的语义,这符合世界上大多数语言的共性。不同语言的选择性疑问代词具有一定的共性和差异。由于需要表达“有定性”,有的少数民族语言采用词形和形态方式区分选择性疑问代词与普通疑问代词。此外,有些语言的选择性疑问代词通过标记“数”和“格”体现形态变化。句法上,本文考察的少数民族语言或方言暂没有发现采用语序移位的方式,均保持原位;部分语言的选择性疑问代词可以作论元。This paper,based on a survey of more than 130 ethnic minority languages or dialects in China,finds that selective interrogative pronouns(SIPs)are used in 59 of them.These SIPs,quite different from general interrogative pronouns(GIPs),express the selection of certain entity/entities“within a definite range”.This is a universal feature shared by the ethnic minority languages in China and many other languages in the world from a typological perspective.To convey such semantic meaning of“definiteness”,some minority languages or dialects use SIP forms distinct from GIPs,while others use SIPs derived from GIPs through morphological inflection.Additionally,some have SIPs morphologically marked for number and/or case.In terms of syntax,most minority languages or dialects examined keep SIPs“in-situ”,while only a few are found to have SIPs functioning as arguments in questions.

关 键 词：选择性疑问代词 少数民族语言 有定性 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]