公共健康的伦理博弈与道德边界——基于新冠肺炎疫情的实证研究  

Ethics Game and Moral Boundary of Public Health——An Empirical Study Based on COVID-19

作　　者：王珏[1] 王硕 Wang Jue;Wang Shuo

机构地区：[1]东南大学人文学院 [2]江苏省道德发展智库 [3]东南大学人文学院公共管理系,南京211100

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2020年第4期275-286,292,共13页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“改革开放四十年中国伦理道德数据库建设研究”(18ZDA022);江苏省道德发展智库和江苏省“公民道德与社会风尚‘2011’协同创新中心”成果;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2242020S30004);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(201910286091)。

摘　　要：公共健康伦理问题的核心是个人权利与公共善的博弈。在两者的伦理博弈过程中,政府充当了中间的利益调和者角色。个体在实现积极个人权利的过程中,如不进行正当性考察,可能会造成对公共善的实际损害(或倾向);政府为了保护公共善,促进公共健康,可能会有意或无意侵犯到公众的消极个人权利。2020年的新冠肺炎疫情暴露了不同类型的个人权利与公共善的伦理博弈情境:个人权利与公共善的伦理博弈存在四大基本类型;不同职业、不同受教育程度、不同月收入水平的公众对同一情境的道德态度存在差异。政府在行使权力、保护促进公共健康时,应根据伦理博弈类型来全面、合理对待个人权利,把握好个人权利与公共善的道德边界,维护博弈的良性循环,以实现公共善。The core of public health ethics is the game between individual rights and public good.In the course of the ethics game,the government has acted as a mediator of interests.If people do not conduct legitimate investigations in the realization of personal rights,they may cause actual damage(or tendency)to public good.Meanwhile,in order to protect public good and promote public health,government may violate individual rights intentionally or unintentionally.Four basic types of ethical game between individual rights and public good are exposed by Covid-19 in 2020.People may hold different moral attitudes towards the same situation with different occupations,education levels and income levels.When exercising power and promoting public health,the government should protect individual rights comprehensively and reasonably according to the types of ethics game,define the moral boundary between them,and maintain the virtuous circle of the game to realize public good.

关 键 词：公共健康伦理 个人权利 公共善 伦理博弈 道德边界 新冠肺炎 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]