印太瓶鼻海豚(Tursiops aduncus)通讯声信号分类及特征参数的环境差异性分析  

Analysis of differences on whistle classification and characteristics of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins(Tursiops aduncus) in different environment

作　　者：牛富强 薛睿超 周在明 袁万军 王朋生 杨燕明 NIU Fuqiang;XUE Ruichao;ZHOU Zairaing;YUAN Wanjun;WANG Pengsheng;YANG Yanming(Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Xiamen,361005;The Reserve Management Office of Chinese White Dolphins and Amphioxus in Xiamen Xiamen,361005)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第三海洋研究所,厦门361005 [2]厦门中华白海豚文昌鱼自然保护区管理处,厦门361005

出　　处：《声学学报》2020年第2期189-195,共7页Acta Acustica

基　　金：自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务专项(海三科2017031);福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2019J01118)资助。

摘　　要：通过长期记录室内水池环境下两只印太瓶鼻海豚通讯信号,并与海湾自然环境下同样的两只海豚所发出的通讯信号进行比较分析,从信号类型、声谱特征等方面研究生活环境变化下瓶鼻海豚通讯信号的差异性。结果表明,生活环境的差异,会改变瓶鼻海豚通讯信号。海湾自然环境下,瓶鼻海豚通讯信号以正弦型信号为主;而室内水池环境下,上扫型信号比例明显增多,而正弦型信号减少。两种环境下,瓶鼻海豚通讯信号在持续时间、拐点数、起始频率、结束频率、最小频率、最大频率等存在显著性差异(p<0.05),但信号的频率变化量相近(p=0.29)。结果为提高海豚通讯信号认知和增强海豚生物行为研究提供一定的科学参考,同时也为仿生隐蔽通信提供技术支撑。The studies compared the whistles recorded from the same two Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins(Tursiops aduncus) under wild environment in bay and captive environment in pool.A t-test was used to analyze the difference of the characteristics of dolphin whistle.The results showed that dolphins could adjust the whistles with changing environment.Most of the whistles were sine type when dolphin in bay,however,dolphins emitted more often upsweep whistles in pool.Furthermore,the statistical analysis indicated that the duration,number of turns,beginning frequency,ending frequency,minimum frequency,and maximum frequency between the two different environments were significant differences(p <0.05),but the frequency variation was not significant difference(p=0.29).The results of this study provide a scientific reference for improving cognition of dolphin whistles and enhancing further study on the biological behaviors of dolphins,it also provide technical support for bionic covert communication.

关 键 词：瓶鼻海豚 回声定位 声信号 Tursiops aduncus 最大频率 特征参数 信号分类 差异性分析 

分 类 号：TN912.3[电子电信—通信与信息系统] Q62[电子电信—信息与通信工程]