阳春砂小花假合蕊柱的形成过程  

Forming Process of Gynandrium-like in Amomum villosum

作　　者：何卓航 陈红[1,2] 汤丽云 苏景[4] 李明晓 吕秉鼎 何国振 HE Zhuo-hang;CHEN Hong;TANG Li-yun;SU Jing;LI Ming-xiao;LYU Bing-ding;HE Guo-zhen(School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006,China;South China Vaccine Co.Ltd.,Guangzhou 510663,China;School of Life Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Yangchun Field Test and Demonstration of Amomum Villosum,Yangchun 529600,China;Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources of Ministry of Education,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州中医药大学中药学院,广州510006 [2]广东华南疫苗股份有限公司,广州510663 [3]华南农业大学生命科学学院,广州510642 [4]阳春市砂仁试验示范场,广东阳春529600 [5]广州中医药大学岭南中药资源教育部重点实验室,广州510006

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2020年第9期176-183,共8页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1701102);广东省林业科技创新项目(2018KJCX033)。

摘　　要：目的:研究阳春砂小花假合蕊柱的形成过程。方法:将阳春砂小花自0.5 cm长度至开花后一天划分为8个生长时期,对小花鲜样解剖并制作石蜡切片,测定花药腔的高度,花粉囊裂口夹角,花粉囊缝隙宽度,花柱直径,花丝与唇瓣的夹角(α),花丝与花药的夹角(β)。结果:花粉囊夹角在开花前无明显变化,开花时从32°缩小为17°。两对花粉囊间的缝隙宽度在第5时期增大至约0.29 mm,同时期的花柱直径约0.32 mm,两者比例达92%。相比开花前一天,开花时α角从83°减小为42°,β角从186°减小为147°。花丝的远轴侧比近轴侧多1至5层细胞,花柱的近轴侧比远轴侧多1至6层细胞。结论:远、近轴侧细胞结构的不对称性是花丝、花柱运动的基础。在第5时期,花粉囊间的缝隙增大至几乎与花柱等径,花柱运动嵌入花粉囊间。开花时花粉囊夹角缩小,将花粉囊间隙出口封闭,花柱留在花粉囊间,同时角α,β剧烈减小,雄蕊将雌蕊夹在其中向唇瓣弯曲,最终形成半包于唇瓣内的假合蕊柱结构。Objective:To study the forming process of the gynandrium-like in Amomum villosum.Method:The flowerets were divided into 8 growth periods from 0.5 cm in length to the day after flowering.Fresh sample were anatomized,and paraffin sectioning was performed on the flowerets.The height of anther chamber,the pollen sac angles,the width of anther gap,the diameter of style,the filament-labellum angle(α),and the filament-anther angle(β)were determined.Result:The angle of the pollen sac had no obvious change before flowering,but decreased from 32° to 17° after flowering.The width of anther gap increased to 0.29 mm in the 5th growth period,while the diameter of style was 0.32 mm in the same period,the ratio of them was 92%.Compared with the day before flowering,the angleαdecreased from 83°to 42°during flowering,and the angleβdecreased from 186° to 147°.In the filament,the abaxial side had 1 to 5 layers of cells more than the adaxial side.In the style,it was found that the adaxial side had 1 to 6 layers of cells more than the abaxial side.Conclusion:The asymmetry of the cell structure at abaxial and adaxial sides of the filament and style is the basis of the movement.In the 5th growth period,the width of anther gap increased almost to the size of style,so the style was able to slide in.When blossoming,the pollen sacs quickly squeezed to the gap in middle,and the entrance for style to access was blocked.Therefore,the style had to remain in the gap of the pollen sacs.Meanwhile,anglesαandβdrastically decreased,resulting in the stamen sandwiched the pistil and bending together toward the labellum.The gynandrium-like structure was formed.

关 键 词：阳春砂 花器 假合蕊柱 形成过程 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R289[医药卫生—中医学]