十年来我国义务教育阶段减轻中小学课业负担的成效与建议  

The Achievements and Suggestions of Reducing the Schoolwork Burden of Primary and Secondary Schools in China’s Compulsory Education in the Past Ten Years

作　　者：李刚 LI Gang(Faculty of Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,Jilin 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学教育学部,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2020年第3期94-101,共8页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：2020年度吉林省教育厅科研规划项目“吉林省高校本科STEM教育课程建设研究”。

摘　　要：《国家中长期教育和改革规划纲要(2010-2020年)》将减轻中小学生课业负担作为发展任务之一。十年来,我国义务教育阶段减轻中小学课业负担的努力可从四方面进行考察。首先,政府以政府工具推动减负落实,工具种类由简单转向复合,从单一走向多元;选用取向从集权走向分权,由权力转向权利。其次,学校以课程改革推动减负落实,培养理念开始指向学生素养养成,课程体系开始围绕学生能力发展,课堂教学开始关注高效创建,学业评价开始着重促进学生学习。再次,家庭观念转变推动减负落实,但是对于国家减负举措的支持程度有待升高,对于学生学习成就的介入程度有待改善。最后,社会以全民共识推动减负落实,多元成就得到基本认同,公益活动得到广泛支持。未来,我国减轻中小学课业负担所要采取的措施有两方面:一是建立教师教学-学生学习-学业评估一体化的减负工作链条(TLA);二是建立政府管理-学校担当-家庭参与-社会支持系列化的减负工作体系(GSFS)。The Outline of China’s National Plan for Medium and Long-Term Education Reform and Development( 2010-2020)takes reducing the burden of primary and secondary school students’ schoolwork as one of the development tasks. In the past ten years,the efforts to reduce the burden of primary and secondary schools in compulsory education can be examined from four aspects. First of all,the government promotes the implementation of burden reduction with government tools: the types of tools change from simple to complex,from single to multiple;the orientation of selection changes from centralization to decentralization,from power to rights. Second,schools promote the implementation of load reduction by reforming curriculum: the training concept begins to point to the cultivation of students’ quality,the curriculum system begins to focus on the development of students’ ability,classroom teaching begins to focus on efficient creation,and academic evaluation begins to focus on promoting students’ learning. Third,families promote the implementation of load reduction by changing ideas,but their support degree for the national load reduction measures needs to be increased,and the involvement degree for students’ learning achievements needs to be improved. Finally,the society promotes the implementation of burden reduction with the consensus of the whole people: the diversified achievements are basically recognized and the public welfare activities are widely supported. In the future,there are two measures to reduce the burden of primary and secondary schools: one is to establish the TLA of teachers’ teaching,students’ learning and academic evaluation;the other is to establish GSFs of government management,school responsibility,family participation and society support.

关 键 词：减轻课业负担 政府工具 课程改革 家庭观念 全民共识 

分 类 号：G47[文化科学—教育学]