《水车图说》考--兼论斯卡奇科夫对中国农业的研究  

A Research on the Shuiche tushuo and K.A.Skachkov’s Study of Chinese Agriculture

作　　者：郑诚[1] ZHENG Cheng(Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2019年第4期412-429,442,共19页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：中国科学院青年创新促进会项目“战争、技术与社会”(课题编号:Y52201101C)。

摘　　要：道光四年(1824),方传恩编著《水车图说》,旨在指导制造、使用翻车,详细讲解三类翻车的构造和安装方法,配有部件图和结构图,是农业机械史方面的重要文献。该书传本极罕,1963年胡道静曾经介绍,后即下落不明,学界无从研究。近期发现俄罗斯国立图书馆所藏《水车图说》道光刻本,是目前所知唯一传本。本文重点考察《水车图说》的编纂背景、内容特色、史料价值,附论该书原收藏者19世纪俄国外交官、汉学家斯卡奇科夫对中国农业的研究及相关藏书。In 1824,Fang Chuan’en published his Shuiche tushuo(An Illustrated Description of Square-pallet Chain-pump),a manual which detailed the structure and the installation of three main types of chain-pump.This book is an important and very rare source for the research of Chinese traditional agricultural machine.Recently,a copy of the 1824 woodblock edition has been found in the Russian State Library.This article aims to explore why and how the book was compiled and discuss the features and value of this rare book.It also discusses the study of Chinese agriculture by the former owner of the copy,K.A.Skachkov,a nineteenth century Russian diplomat and sinologist,and dozens of books related to agriculture in his Chinese collection.

关 键 词：水车 机械史 农业史 俄罗斯汉学 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] S-09[农业科学]