晚清西方公共卫生观念之传入--以傅兰雅《居宅卫生论》为中心  

The Introduction of Western Sanitary Science in Late Qing China:A Case Study of John Fryer’s Chinese Translation Burn’s Sanitary Science

作　　者：李融冰 LI Rongbing(The Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,CAS,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2019年第4期430-442,共13页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

摘　　要：晚清时期,西方近代卫生知识通过翻译等方式陆续传入中国。与其他关于身体、营养等卫生学著作不同,傅兰雅所译《居宅卫生论》(1890)是当时介绍公共卫生之开风气译作。该书强调通过改善卫生环境提升人们的健康水平,并指出政府在构建城镇公共卫生中负有主要职责。本文以《居宅卫生论》为中心,考察其底本及与之相关的英国公共卫生运动,介绍该书的主要内容,并结合底本讨论其翻译特点,最后分析此书在中国的传播情况及其影响甚微的原因,尝试从"卫生"的角度探讨中国近代化进程的复杂性。Modern western hygiene knowledge was introduced into China in the late Qing period through various methods,such as translated books and health practices.Different from other hygienic works on body or nutrition,the Juzhai weisheng lun(1890),translated from Robert Scott Burn’s Sanitary Science by John Fryer(1839-1928),was the first book which presented a systematic overview of Britain’s public health to the late Qing Chinese readers.This book discussed house site selection and construction,water supply and water filtering methods,among others,so as to improve sewage and drainage disposal of houses in towns and cities.Furthermore,the book pointed out that improving sanitary condition,in which government should play an essential role,would promote people’s health.This paper examines this book’s contents,compares it with the English source text that Fryer used,and identifies the characteristics of his Chinese translation.It also points out that while Fryer’s translation was highly praised by some Chinese intellectuals,it had little impact on Chinese society at large,partly due to cultural differences between the West and China and partly because there was no government support for public health initiatives in the late Qing dynasty.

关 键 词：傅兰雅 居宅卫生论 公共卫生 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] R163[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]