线索冲突情境下幼儿对不同领域知识的选择性信任特点  

Preschoolers’Selective Trust Characteristics of Knowledge in Different Domains in the Clue Conflict Situation

作　　者：张璟[1,2] 李婷敏 郑沁婷 周双珠 熊红星[1,2] Zhang Jing;Li Tingmin;Zheng Qinting;Zhou Shuangzhu;Xiong Hongxing(School of Psychology,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,330027;Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Psychology and Cognition Science,Nanchang,330027)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学心理学院,南昌330027 [2]江西省心理与认知科学重点实验室,南昌330027

出　　处：《心理科学》2020年第2期371-377,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：江西省高校人文社科课题(XL13062);江西省“十二五”教育规划课题(14ZD3L006)的资助。

摘　　要：探讨幼儿在准确性线索和共识线索冲突情境下对自然与社会领域知识的选择性信任特点。实验1探究幼儿在线索冲突情境下对自然领域知识的选择性信任,选取88名4~6岁幼儿,采用对物品命名的方法,结果发现4岁幼儿依据共识线索进行信任判断,而5~6岁幼儿依据准确性线索进行信任判断;实验2探究幼儿在线索冲突情境下对社会领域知识的选择性信任,选取94名4-6岁幼儿,采用对人格特质命名的方法,结果发现4岁幼儿依据共识线索进行信任判断,5岁幼儿对两类线索没有做出偏向性选择,6岁幼儿依据准确性线索进行信任判断。实验3采用被试内设计,探讨5岁幼儿对两个领域知识的选择性信任,验证了实验1和实验2的相关结果。结论:在线索冲突情境下幼儿对不同领域知识的选择性信任具有不同的年龄发展特点。Preschoolers are in an important period of intellectual development and knowledge learning.Preschoolers can acquire knowledge through their own experience(personal learning)and their interaction with others(social learning).In fact,most preschoolers do so through the latter.The learning process of preschoolers can be seen as a process of trusting the information provided by others.In recent years,selective trust appears to be a hot spot in the developmental psychology field.Previous research indicated that preschoolers used past reliability and consensus to learn new knowledge.The goal of the present study is to examine the characteristics of selective trust in preschoolers when they are in conflict.In real life,object labeling belongs to the understanding of objective things,which is a part of the conventional domain knowledge.However,understanding others belongs to the social domain knowledge.Most of the studies of selective trust have focused on the conventional domain knowledge in the past.In recent years,they have expanded into the social domain knowledge.Preschoolers’selective trust was studied separately on the conventional and social domain knowledge.Since they were not based on an integrated framework,the results could not well answer the similarities and differences of knowledge in the two domains learned by preschoolers.Therefore,it is necessary to integrate selective trust characteristics of knowledge in different domains.In Experiment 1,eighty-eight 4-to 6-year-old preschoolers participated in the study.We examined the selective trust characteristics of the conventional domain knowledge in the clue conflict situation.All preschoolers were presented with a three-phase testing sequence involving a prereliability phase,a reliability familiarization phase,and a post-reliability phase.The result indicated that 4-year-old preschoolers used the consensus clue to make trust judgment,and 5-and 6-year-old preschoolers used the accuracy clue to make trust judgment.In Experiment 2,ninety-four 4-to 6-year-old p

关 键 词：幼儿 选择性信任 准确性线索 共识线索 

分 类 号：B844.12[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]