权力和地位对信任行为的影响  

The Influence of Power and Status on Trust Behavior

作　　者：张恩涛[1] 王硕 Zhang Entao;Wang Shuo(Institute of Psychology and Behavior,Institute of Congition,Brain and Heath School of Education,Henan University,Kaifeng,475004)

机构地区：[1]河南大学教育科学学院认知、脑与健康研究所和心理与行为研究所,开封475004

出　　处：《心理科学》2020年第2期460-465,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31700952);河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2018BJY008);河南大学哲学社会科学创新团队(2019CXTD009)的资助。

摘　　要：采用两个实验探讨了权力和地位对信任和不信任行为的影响。实验1首先通过角色分配法操纵被试的权力感(高vs.低),然后采用信任和非信任博弈任务来测量被试的信任和不信任行为。结果发现,在信任行为上,高权力者比低权力者存在更低的信任水平;但在不信任行为上,二者不存在显著差异。实验2同时操纵被试的权力和地位水平,探索二者对信任和不信任行为的影响。结果发现:在信任行为上,高权力者比低权力者存在更低的信任水平,与之相反,高地位者比低地位者存在更高的信任水平,并且权力和地位的交互作用不显著;而在不信任行为上,权力和地位的效应均不显著。该研究结果说明,(1)权力负向影响信任行为,而地位正向影响信任行为;(2)权力和地位对信任的影响是独立的。Trust refers to the willingness to make themselves vulnerable to the intentions or behavior of another.There is increasing evidence that trust can be modulated by power and status,which are important vertical dimensions in interpersonal relationships.However,it remains unclear whether power and status increase or decrease people’s initial trust in others.Besides,recently,distrust is regarded as an independent dimension,which is separate from the construct of trust.The present study intends to investigate how power and status affect people’s initial trust and distrust in others.Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of power and status on trust and distrust.Experiment 1 used a single-factor completely random experiment design to explore the effects of power on both trust and distrust behaviors through the trust game task and the distrust game task.Specifically,participants were randomly assigned to either the high or low power condition and were asked to play two exchange games,one assessing behavioral trust and the other assessing behavioral distrust.Power was manipulated by varying the availability of alternatives.Participants in the high-power condition were told that they can decide whether to change their previous round’s partner,whereas participants in the low-power condition were told whether they could continue the game depending on the partner’s decisions.In the trust task,the participants were asked to decide how much money they would send to their partner.In the distrust task,the participants were asked to decide how much of their partner’s 40 Yuan they wanted to take.Experiment 2 used two factors(power:high vs.low)×2(status:high vs.low)design to explore the different effects of power and status on both trust and distrust behaviors.Firstly,participants were assigned randomly to one of the four conditions.Secondly,the sense of participants’power was manipulated by role assignment,which was identical to that of Experiment 1.After that,status was manipulated by imagination primi

关 键 词：权力 地位 信任行为 不信任行为 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]