规范性文件附带审查的司法困境及其枢纽功能  

Judicial Predicament and Cohesive Function of Normative Documents Incidental Review

作　　者：卢超[1] Lu Chao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《比较法研究》2020年第3期127-141,共15页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：2014年我国《行政诉讼法》修订后,行政规范性文件附带审查正式成为法定装置。通过对近年来我国相关司法判例的梳理与调研访谈,却不难发现,地方法院往往借助诸多隐形策略,来规避附带审查的司法适用。对于这些消极现象,除了"嵌入式法院"的传统解释之外,法院对规范性文件公开评价以及差异化判断所附带的制度风险,也是司法消极态度的重要缘由,除此之外,附带审查所设定的审查标准存在偏差,没有考虑到现代行政国家下法院的"机构能力"局限。但是,从积极角度来看,规范性文件附带审查装置也愈发显现出一定的枢纽功能,附带审查装置通过司法建议工具向各类有权处理机关传递合法性讯号,未来有望与其他审查机制相配合,以实现对行政规范性文件的立体化治理。After the revision of Administrative Litigation Law in 2014,Normative documents incidental review has officially become a statutory device. However,an analysis of relevant administrative litigation cases in recent years reveals that local courts often rely on "nexus" requirement,limitation of normative documents scope and the compression of the time limit for prosecution to exclude the judicial application of normative documents incidental review. There are three institutional reasons behind. The first is the traditional explanation of "embedded courts" theory. Second,Institutional risks caused by open judicial judgement of normative documents and differentiated judgments cross-areas explains the negative attitudes of local courts. Besides,the judicial review standards set by Supreme People’s Court do not take "institutional capacity" of judicial branch into account under the background of modern administrative state. However,from a positive perspective,Normative documents incidental review plays a pivotal role of connecting "external administrative law" and "internal administrative law." The judicial deterrent effect of normative documents incidental review is an incentive on "agency self-regulation." Furthermore,Normative documents incidental review sends legality signals to authorized agencies through judicial suggestion tools,enabling it to cooperate with other review mechanisms to achieve comprehensive management of administrative normative documents.

关 键 词：规范性文件附带审查 行政诉讼 嵌入式法院 审查标准 机构能力 行政自制 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]