土壤异质性施肥对玉米马铃薯间作体系养分吸收与利用特征的影响  

Effects of Soil Heterogeneity Fertilization on the Nutrient Uptake and Utilization Characteristics of Maize and Potato Intercropping System

作　　者：李旺 周锋[1] 吴开贤[1] 杨友琼[1] 吴伯志[1] 安曈昕[1] LI Wang;ZHOU Feng;WU Kaixian;YANG Youqiong;WU Bozhi;AN Tongxin(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第2期338-344,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31660378);云南省自然科学基金资助项目(2014FB144);农业部公益性行业专项(201503119-03-03);云南省农田无公害生产创新团队(2017HC015);云南省科技计划重点研发项目(2018BB015);云南省玉米产业技术体系资助项目。

摘　　要：【目的】土壤养分异质性能显著影响植物的生长,而异质性施肥是造成土壤养分异质性的主要方式。为研究异质性施肥对单、间作系统养分吸收和利用特征的影响。【方法】对玉米马铃薯间作群体进行不同养分分布施肥,研究不同作物对异质性施肥养分的吸收与利用规律。【结果】不论单作还是间作,土壤养分空间异质性均能增加玉米和马铃薯的养分积累量;在间作群体中,土壤异质性施肥能极显著地降低玉米养分利用率(P<0.01),而对马铃薯仅磷利用率达到显著降低(P<0.05),但在单作群体中养分异质性施肥仅对马铃薯磷(P=0.027)和钾(P=0.013)的利用率有显著降低的作用;在间作群体种间行内提高施肥量能极显著地提高土地当量比(LER)(P=0.003)。【结论】土壤养分空间异质性施肥(种间高肥)有利于玉米马铃薯间作群体对养分的吸收与利用,能提高复合产量15%。[Purpose]Heterogeneous fertilization is the main way to cause soil nutrient heterogeneity and can significantly affect the growth of plants.In order to study the effect of heterogeneous fertilization on the nutrient uptake and utilization in the intercropping system and monoculture system.[Methods]Different nutrient distribution and fertilization were carried out in maize and potato intercropping population to study the law of absorption and utilization of heterogeneous fertilization nutrients by different crops.[Results]The spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients could increase the nutrient accumulation of maize and potato both under single cropping and intercropping.In intercropping system,soil nutrient heterogeneity significantly decreased the nutrient use efficiency of maize(P<0.01),and the phosphorus use efficiency decreased significantly of potato(P<0.05),however,in monoculture system,the effect of nutrient heterogeneity on the potato phosphorus(P=0.027)and potassium(P=0.013)utilization decreased significantly.In intercropping system,high amount of fertilizer within interspecific rows significantly increased the soil equivalent ratio(LER)(P=0.003).[Conclusion]Overall,spatial heterogeneous fertilization of soil nutrients(high amount of fertilizer within interspecific rows)was beneficial to nutrient uptake and utilization of intercropped maize and potato population,and increased compound yield by 15%.

关 键 词：土壤异质性施肥 养分积累量 养分干物质利用率 间作 玉米 马铃薯 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S506.2[农业科学—农艺学]