从平民化到贵族化:近代早期英国大学学生社会出身的转变  

From Civilian to Aristocracy:Change of Students Social Identities in British Universities in Early Modern Times

作　　者：孙碧 Sun Bi(School of Education,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学教育科学学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《井冈山大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第2期50-56,共7页Journal of Jinggangshan University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金青年项目“科学知识、道德责任与金钱政治:美国城市改革与大学发展”(项目编号:2018YJC880076)。

摘　　要：中世纪的牛津大学和剑桥大学具有较强的平民化色彩。其学生大多出身社会中下层,依靠多种资助制度得以进入大学学习。居于社会上层的贵族家族不重视文化教育,也极少有子弟进入大学学习。16世纪中期之后,在人文主义思潮兴起、社会权力来源变化以及大学招生策略改变等多种因素作用下,贵族和绅士阶层的子弟开始大量涌入大学。与此同时,由于费用增加、资助制度消失和就业空间被挤压等原因,平民学生在牛津大学和剑桥大学中逐渐减少。近代早期牛津大学和剑桥大学从平民化到贵族化的趋势,导致两所大学丧失了促进社会阶层流动的功能,而成为上层社会子弟贵族身份获得和维护自身社会优势地位的机构。In Middle Age,most of the students in Oxford and Cambridge University,relying on a variety of financing systems,came from the families in the lower and middle class.Aristocratic family in the upper social strata paid no attention to cultural education.After the mid-16th century,children from the noble and gentry’s families began to enter colleges under the influence of the rise of humanistic thought,the change of social power,and the changes in university admissions policies.In the meanwhile,owing to increasing costs,the disappearance of financing system and low employment rates,the number of the civilian students at Oxford and Cambridge gradually decreased.The change from civilian to aristocracy in the two universities in early and modern times,has caused them to fail in promoting social mobility but to become institutions for maintaining the social identity of the upper class.

关 键 词：贵族 平民 人文主义 社会出身 牛津大学 剑桥大学 

分 类 号：G639[文化科学—教育学]