阐释学对历史研究的启示  

Hermeneutics and Its Contribution to Historical Research

作　　者：晁天义[1] Chao Tianyi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学杂志社,100026

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2020年第3期36-54,158,共20页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“先秦史跨学科研究的理论与实践”(项目编号:18FZS006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：阐释学为历史研究提供了重要的认识论和方法论启示。在认识论方面,阐释学扬弃了客观主义和相对主义历史认识论可能导致的历史终结论和历史虚无主义,一定程度上破解了长期以来争执不下的历史认识之争。阐释学的"前见""视域融合""效果历史"理论摒弃了客观主义史学对史实的崇拜,为历史研究的多元性和开放性提供了可能。"阐释学循环"理论意味着历史认知的实现是一个往复不断、永无休止的过程,有助于防止排他主义的独断论,确定了历史认知主体与客体之间的辩证关系,保持了历史认知有限性与无限性之间的张力,为历史认知的不断推进提供了理论依据。如何立足当代中国历史研究的理论与实践,在坚持唯物史观的前提下努力汲取中西方阐释学的丰富资源,加快构建具有中国特色的历史阐释学,是当前中国历史学学术体系建设的重要内容。The application of hermeneutics to historical research has significant epistemological and methodological impact.In terms of epistemology,hermeneutics negates the epistemological influence of objectivism and relativism that may result in historical nihilism and the assertion of the end of history,and,to a certain degree,may reconcile the long-standing dispute in historical epistemology.The theories such as"foresight,""sight fusion,"and"history of effect"in hermeneutics reject the worship of"fact"in objectivist historiography,and open the possibility for diversity and openness in historical research.The theory of the"hermeneutic circle"means that the realization of historical cognition is a reciprocal and endless process,which helps to prevent the dogmatism of exclusivism,determines the dialectical relationship between the subject and object in historical cognition,and sustains the tension between the limited and unlimited historical cognition,and provides a theoretical basis for the continuous advancement of historical cognition.Based on the theory and practice of contemporary Chinese historical research,we need to adhere to the Materialist Conception of History and draw on the rich resources from Chinese and Western hermeneutics.Only by doing so,we can find a way to answer the important question in the current effort to construct the academic system of Chinese history of how to accelerate the construction of historical hermeneutics with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：阐释学 历史认识论 阐释学循环 客观主义 相对主义 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]