南极磷虾渔场(48渔区)CPUE的年、月变化及其与海表温度、叶绿素浓度的关系  

Interannual and monthly variations of catch per unit effort and the relation with sea surface temperature and chlorophyll concentration in fishing grounds(fishing area 48)of Antarctic krill

作　　者：张瑛瑛 徐博 张衡[1,2] 程田飞[1,2] 杨胜龙 ZHANG Ying-ying;XU Bo;ZHANG Heng;CHENG Tian-fei;YANG Sheng-long(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Ru-ral Affairs,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部远洋与极地渔业创新重点实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2020年第5期1685-1694,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC1406802);上海市自然科学基金项目(18ZR1449800);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2019GH02);农业部外海渔业开发重点实验室开放基金(LOF 2018-01);大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室开放基金(A1-2006-00-301109)资助。

摘　　要：根据2010-2015年南极磷虾渔汛期(1-6月)的渔获量和海洋遥感数据,利用数理统计方法、产量重心法等对南极磷虾单位捕捞努力渔获量(catch per unit effort,CPUE)、渔场时空变动特征作了分析。结果表明:南极磷虾年平均CPUE总体呈上升趋势,2014年南极磷虾CPUE达到峰值(18.6 t·h^-1);从月变化来看,1月南极磷虾CPUE较低(9.2t·h^-1),5月CPUE最高(20.9 t·h^-1),近60%的捕捞作业频次位于南设得兰群岛的夏季时段(1-3月);南极磷虾渔场集中在60°S-64°S、46°W-62°W范围内的海域;从渔场重心变动来看,每年1-6月渔场重心从南设得兰群岛附近海域向东北方向偏移,大部分重心主要集中在南设得兰群岛附近海域;南极磷虾作业渔场48.1、48.2、48.3亚区渔场适宜海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)分别为-1.8~1.9、-1.8~0.8、1.1~1.4℃,1-3月CPUE高值区的适宜SST为-0.8~1.2℃,4-6月CPUE高值区的适宜SST为-1.8^-0.4℃;48.1、48.2、48.3亚区叶绿素浓度适宜范围分别为0.09~1.21、0.14~0.52、0.32~0.39 mg·m^-3,CPUE高值区(>20 t·h^-1)海域的叶绿素浓度为0.13~0.83 mg·m^-3;总体来说,南极磷虾渔场年平均CPUE值呈逐渐增长趋势,主捕区位于南设得兰群岛附近海域,中心渔场最适SST为-1.8~1.2℃,叶绿素浓度为0.13~0.83 mg·m^-3。Based on the catch of fishing season(January-June)and ocean remote sensing data of Antarctic krill fishing area from 2010 to 2015,we analyzed the spatiotemporal variations in the catch per unit fishing effort(CPUE)of Antarctic krill by using statistical method and yield center of gravity method.Results showed that the mean annual CPUE of Antarctic krill increased gradually from 2010 to 2015,with a peak in 2014(18.6 t·h^-1).The mean monthly CPUE of Antarctic krill was lower in January(9.2 t·h^-1),while highest in May(20.9 t·h^-1).Nearly 60%of the catch times were in the summer period(January-March)near the South Shetland Islands.The Antarctic krill fishing grounds were concentrated in the sea area between 60°S-64°S and 46°W-62°W.The center of gravity in fishing ground shifted from the sea area near the South Shetland Islands to the northeast during January to June every year.Most of the fishing ground barycenterwas mainly concentrated in the sea area near the South Shetland Islands.The optimum sea surface temperature(SST)of the fishing ground ranged from-1.8 to 1.9,-1.8 to 0.8 and 1.1 to 1.4℃in fisheries sub-zones 48.1,48.2 and 48.3,respectively.The optimum SST range of the high CPUE fishing areas from January to March was-0.8 to 1.2℃,which decreased from-1.8 to-0.4℃in April-June period.The optimum ranges of chlorophyll a concentration in the subzones 48.1,48.2 and 48.3 were 0.09-1.21,0.14-0.52 and 0.32-0.39 mg·m^-3,respectively.The chlorophyll a concentration in the areas with high CPUE(>20 t·h-1)values was 0.13-0.83 mg·m^-3.Overall,the annual CPUE of Antarctic krill showed an increasing trend during2010-2015.The main fishing area was located near the South Shetland Islands.The optimum SST range of the central fishing ground was-1.8 to 1.2℃,and the range of chlorophyll a concentration was 0.13-0.83 mg·m^-3.

关 键 词：南极磷虾 渔场重心 单位捕捞努力量 时空变化 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]