飞机加油时燃油箱间连通管的出流特性分析计算  

Analysis and Calculation of Outflow Characteristics Between Fuel Tanks During Aircraft Refueling

作　　者：谢增[1] 杨小龙[1] 叶宁武[1] XIE Zeng;YANG Xiao-long;YE Ning-wu(China Helicopter Research and Development Institute,Jingdezhen Jiangxi 333001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国直升机设计研究所,江西景德镇333001

出　　处：《装备制造技术》2020年第2期50-57,66,共9页Equipment Manufacturing Technology

摘　　要：为分析飞机加油时相连燃油箱之间出现的液位差,基于伯努利方程和时间微分法,建立了计算油箱间连通管出流流量的通用数学模型。利用该模型,根据现行出流理论对某油箱组实际加油过程中的液面高度变化过程进行了模拟。通过仿真结果与实际结果的对比,对现行出流理论进行了完善,从而得到了新的出流理论:加油时,随着油箱间连通管上、下游液面高度的变化,燃油经连通管的出流会经历堰流、闸孔出流及孔口出流三种出流型式。按新出流理论计算的结果与实际结果吻合良好,证明了其有效性。通过计算分析,研究了加油流量、油箱间连通管通径、连通管位置以及通气连通管对加油过程中油箱间液位差的影响,主要结论如下:1)加油流量越大,则加油结束时油箱间的液位差也越大;2)通过增大连通管通径、降低连通管高度、设置油箱间的通气连通管,能够减小加油结束时油箱间的液位差。In order to analyze the liquid level difference between the interconnected fuel tanks during aircraft refueling,based on Bernoulli equation and time differential method,an mathematic model for calculating the outflow quantity from fuel intercoms is developed.According to the current outflow theories,the model is used to simulate the variation of liquid level inside a certain fuel tanks group during actual refueling.By comparing the simulation results with the actual results,the current outflow theories are perfected,and thus a new outflow theory is described as follows:there are three types of fuel outflow from intercom during refueling:weir flow,discharge under sluice gate and orifice discharge,which are determined according to the liquid level at upstream and downstream positions of intercom.The predicted results calculated according to the new outflow theory are agreed well with the practical situation and the new outflow theory is approved to be available.Refueling rate,intercom size,intercom location and vent line intercom which might influence the liquid level difference between the interconnected fuel tanks during refueling are investigated through calculation and analysis,the main conclusions are as follows:1)As the refueling rate increases,the liquid lever difference at the end of the refueling increases;2)The liquid lever difference at the end of the refueling reduces with increasing the intercom size,reducing the intercom location or installing vent line intercom between fuel tanks.

关 键 词：飞机加油 燃油箱 出流流量 出流型式 液位差 孔口出流 堰流 闸孔出流 

分 类 号：O351.3[理学—流体力学]