国五国六汽车尾气颗粒物的生态毒性分析  

Ecological toxicity analysis of particulate matter from automobile exhaust in China Ⅴ and China Ⅵ

作　　者：崔亮 倪红[2] 戴春蓓[3] 李菁元[3] 范博 李雯雯 王晓南[1] 刘征涛[1] CUI Liang;NI Hong;DAI Chunbei;LI Jingyuan;FAN Bo;LI Wenwen;WANG Xiaonan;LIU Zhengtao(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012;State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012;China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.,Ltd,Tianjin 300300;College of Life Science,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330047)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室,北京100012 [3]中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司,天津300300 [4]南昌大学,生命科学学院,南昌330047

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2020年第4期1483-1490,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：天津汽车检测中心委托轻型车尾气排放生态毒理学研究项目;中国环境科学研究院院所基本科研业务专项(No.2020YSKY-007);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(No.2017ZX07301002-02)。

摘　　要：随着汽车使用量的增加,汽车尾气的环境污染及毒性效应已引起社会的关注.我国于2016年12月23日发布了《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段)》,现阶段尚未发现国五和国六两类汽车尾气颗粒物的生态毒性及比较的研究报道.该文选取国五与国六两类汽车为研究对象,对两类汽车尾气颗粒物的排放情况及主要的半挥发性有机物(SVOCs)进行分析;选用发光菌为受试生物,研究两类汽车尾气颗粒物对发光菌的毒性效应.结果发现:①单位距离下,国五和国六汽车尾气颗粒物质量分别为(8.81±2.92)和(1.51±0.35) mg·km^-1,表明单位距离下国六汽车尾气颗粒物质量显著低于国五汽车;②在检出的SVOCs中,多环芳烃为国五和国六汽车尾气颗粒物中主要的有机污染物;③国五货车、国五轿车和国六汽车尾气颗粒物对发光菌的EC50分别为42.00、41.99和5.37 mg·L^-1,表明本次的研究车辆中单位质量国六汽车尾气颗粒物的毒性高于国五汽车.研究结果表明国六标准的实施可对我国环境空气质量的改善起到重要支撑作用,下一步还应继续开展国六汽车尾气颗粒物的生态毒理学研究工作.With the increasing of automobile usage, the environmental pollution and toxic effects posed by automobile exhaust have attracted worldwide attention. On December 23, 2016, China promulgated "The emission limits and measurement methods of pollutants from light vehicles"(China phase Ⅵ). However, study about the ecotoxicity of automobile exhaust particulate matter of China Ⅴ and China Ⅵ and their comparison is lacking. In this study, China Ⅴ and China Ⅵ vehicles were selected, and their emission and the main semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs) of automobile exhaust particulates were analyzed. Moreover, the toxic effects of these two kinds of automobile exhaust particulates were tested using the luminescent bacteria as testing species. Results showed that: ① the particulate matter mass concentrations from the exhaust of China Ⅴ and China Ⅵ vehicles per unit distance were(8.81±2.92) and(1.51±0.35) mg·km^-1, indicating that the particulate matter mass of China Ⅵ vehicles was significantly lower than that of China V vehicles. ② Among the detected SVOCs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were the main organic pollutants in the exhaust particles of the China Ⅴ and China Ⅵ vehicles. ③ The EC50 of the China Ⅴ truck, China Ⅴ car and China Ⅵ automobile exhaust particulate matter to luminescent bacteria were 42.00, 41.99 and 5.37 mg·L^-1, indicating that the toxicity of the China Ⅵ automobile exhaust particulate matter per unit mass in this test was higher than that of China Ⅴ automobile. The result shows that the implementation of the China Ⅵ vehicle emission standard can play an important role in the improvement of China′s ambient air quality;in addition, the detailed ecotoxicity effect of China Ⅵ automobile exhaust particulate matter should be studied in the future.

关 键 词：国五汽车 国六汽车 汽车尾气颗粒物 生态毒性效应 发光菌 多环芳烃 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X171.5