卢瑟福的“炮弹”能弹回来吗?  

Can Rutherford’s cannon balls bounce back?

作　　者：刘智华 罗成林[1] LIU Zhi-hua;LUO Cheng-lin(Department of Physics and Technology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学物理与科学技术学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《大学物理》2020年第6期65-67,共3页College Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21673119)资助。

摘　　要：原子物理学的核心概念是原子模型,在所有原子物理学教材中,原子的汤姆逊模型对α粒子的散射均是最为基础的内容.但在教学过程中,一般只从经典力学出发对α粒子的散射进行理论推演,而少有对相关误差传递及数理统计知识的阐述.本文从力学与数理统计的相关理论出发,对卢瑟福散射实验中α粒子大角度散射概率进行估算,并以此结果说明在教学过程中加强多学科知识融合能力的培养是提高学生科研能力的关键步骤.The core concept of atomic physics is the atomic model. In all the atomic physics textbooks,Thomson’s model of atomic scattering of the alpha particle is the most basic content,but in the teaching process,generally only starting from the classical mechanics of alpha particle scattering theory deduction,few of error transfer and mathematical statistics knowledge were discussed. In this paper,starting from the related theory of classical mechanics and mathematical statistics,we calculate the probability of alpha particle large angle scattering in the experiment of Rutherford scattering experiment. In order to show that in the teaching process should strengthen,their ability of multidisciplinary knowledge fusion is the key step to improve students’ scientific research ability.

关 键 词：Α粒子散射 误差分析 概率论与数理统计 

分 类 号：O5-6[理学—物理]