稻田生态综合种养模式对土壤理化性质及腐殖质的影响  

Effects of ecological comprehensive planting and breeding patterns on soil physical and chemical properties and humus in paddy fields

作　　者：余经纬 黄巍 李玉成[1] 王宁[1] 张学胜[1] YU Jing-wei;HUANG Wei;LI Yu-cheng;WANG Ning;ZHANG Xue-sheng(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230601

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2020年第3期81-85,共5页Journal of Biology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(No.2017ZX07603002);国家自然科学基金(No.41172121)。

摘　　要：在化肥减量化的基础上,探究稻田生态综合种养模式对土壤理化性质及腐殖质的影响。于巢湖流域周边选取4块试验田,进行大规模稻田生态综合种养模式(前期稻虾轮作,后期稻鸭共作)与常规种植模式(闲置、单季水稻种植和双季水稻种植)对比试验,周期2年。结果表明:各模式下的土壤容重、总孔隙度等指标均表现出显著性差异(P<0.05)。相比于常规种植模式,稻田生态综合种养模式能有效改良土壤质地,提高砂粒分化率和土壤总孔隙度,降低土壤容重;稻田生态综合种养模式下土壤肥力因子显著增加,腐殖质的活性和腐殖化程度得到提高,同时土壤中胡敏酸的缩合度和分子复杂程度显著降低。稻田生态综合种养模式改善了稻田土壤物理结构及保肥能力,提高了种植经济收入,是值得推广的生态种养模式。On the basis of the chemical fertilizer reduction, this study explored the effects of paddy integrated ecological system on the physical and chemical properties and humus of paddy soils. Four experimental fields were selected around Chaohu lake basin. The large-scale integrated ecological model(Early rice crayfish rotation, later rice-duck mutalism) of paddy field was compared with conventional cultivation models(idle, single-season rice cultivation and double-season rice cultivation), with a cycle of 2 years. The results showed that there were differences in soil bulk density and total porosity components in the four types of planting models(P<0.05). Compared to the conventional planting models, PES was effective in soil texture, which improved sand differentiation rate and soil total porosity, and reduced soil bulk density. In PES model, the soil fertility factors increased significantly. The activity and degree of humus were improved. At the same time, the degree of condensation and molecular complexity of humic acid in soils decreased significantly. The PES model has improved the physical structure and fertilizer retention capacity of paddy fields and increased the economic income of planting, which is worth popularizing.

关 键 词：综合种养 容重 养分 腐殖质 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]