小麦抗赤霉病利器--他山之石  

Fighting Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat-a Remedy from Afar

作　　者：周俭民[1] Jian-Min Zhou(State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,植物基因组学国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《植物学报》2020年第2期123-125,共3页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31521001)。

摘　　要：赤霉病是我国乃至世界小麦(Triticumaestivum)产区的重要病害,给农业生产和人畜健康造成重大威胁。分离鉴定优质抗病基因、培育抗病品种,是控制我国麦区赤霉病的重要手段。最近,山东农业大学孔令让团队完成了二倍体长穗偃麦草(Thinopyrumelongatum)基因组的组装,并在此基础上通过精细定位和图位克隆分离得到来自长穗偃麦草的抗赤霉病基因Fhb7。他们发现Fhb7编码1个谷胱甘肽转移酶,对禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)分泌的包括呕吐毒素等在内的多种毒素具有解毒作用,是1个广谱持久抗病基因。他们还发现Fhb7很可能最初源于内生真菌,经过基因水平转移进入到偃麦草基因组中。此外,Fhb7不影响其它农艺性状,且其抗性不受小麦遗传背景影响。这一系列工作揭示了作物抗病演化中的全新机制,对小麦抗赤霉病育种以及更好地利用长穗偃麦草的丰富基因资源都具有重要意义。Fusarium head blight(FHB)caused by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease on wheat not only because of severe yield loss,but also contamination of the grain with deadly mycotoxin.A recent study significantly advanced our understanding how wheat plants can be protected by resistance genes and provided tools in the fight against a major disease.A team led by Prof.Kong in Shandong Agricultural University successfully identified an important FHB resistance gene,Fhb7,and illuminated a mechanism by which this gene might have evolved in plants and a mechanism by which the resistance protein overcome the pathogen.This is an elegant study that not only opens new window to our understanding of plant-pathogen co-evolution,but also allows us to better utilize the rich gene resources of Thinopyrum elongatum for effective breeding of FHB resistance and other traits in wheat.

关 键 词：赤霉病 小麦 抗病基因 呕吐毒素 基因水平转移 

分 类 号：S435.121.45[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]