两个地域的哈尼族聚落景观差异比较研究——以西双版纳曼冈村和红河州阿者科为例  

Comparative Study on Landscape Differences of Hani Nationality Settlements in Two Regions:Taking Manggang Village of Xishuangbanna and Alzhiko of Honghe Autonomous Prefecture as an Example

作　　者：白雪悦 郦大方[1] 钱云[1] BAI Xueyue;LI Dafang;QIAN Yun

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学

出　　处：《住区》2019年第4期124-132,共9页Design Community

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(编号2018ZY15)。

摘　　要：少数民族传统聚落的聚落形态与其自然资源条件和人文社会条件密切相关,同一少数民族的传统聚落在不同地域之内,聚落形态会产生些许差异,其反映了少数民族居民对于自然环境的适应。本文选择两个哈尼族传统村落作为研究对象,对西双版纳自治区曼冈自然村和红河哈尼族彝族自治州阿者科自然村的区位环境、气候条件、地形地貌及社会组织进行了对比,运用ArchGIS及AutoCAD等软件分析了曼冈村和阿者科村的地域性特征,调查了两村的生产生活方式及对自然的改造情况。对比了两个不同地域内哈尼族传统村落的景观布局,分别分析了林地、田地、宅院聚集区的分布格局。虽然二者皆为哈尼族传统村落,文化背景相似,但自然资源条件不同,所以村落景观布局各异。曼冈村环抱于周围山体之中,主要种植茶树,形成林包围宅和宅间田地的景观分布格局,可称为林中的山寨;阿者科立于梯田之上,主要种植水稻,逐渐形成林、田包围宅的聚落景观格局,可称为梯田上的村寨。The patterns of traditional settlement of ethnic minority is closely related to their natural resources and human and social conditions.The traditional settlements of the same ethnic minority in different regions will have some differences in settlement patterns,which reflects the adaptation of ethnic minority to the natural environment.This text chooses two traditional Hani villages as the research object to compare the location,environment,climate,topography and social organization of mangang natural village in Xishuangbanna Autonomous Region and Alzhike Natural Village of Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture.It investigates the production and lifestyle and the transformation of nature of the two villages with ArchGIS and AutoCAD software after analyzing the regional characteristics of Manggang and Alzhiko villages.It compares the landscape layout of Hani traditional villages in two different regions,and analyses the distribution pattern of woodland,farmland and residential areas respectively.Although both of them are Hani traditional villages with similar cultural backgrounds,the natural resource conditions are different,so the landscape layout of the villages is different.Manggang Village is surrounded by mountains,mainly planting tea trees,forming a landscape distribution pattern of forest surrounded houses and curtilage fields,which can be called a mountain village in the forest;Alzhiko stands on terraces,mainly planting rice,gradually forming a settlement landscape pattern surrounded by forests and fields,which can be called a village on terraces.

关 键 词：风景园林学 聚落景观 地域性 哈尼族 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]