叶家山M111出土的商代铁援铜戈  

Discovery of Bronze ge-Dagger with Iron yuan-Blade of the Shang Dynasty in Tomb M111 at the Yejiashan Cemetery

作　　者：张天宇[1] 张吉 黄凤春[2] 陈建立[1] Zhang Tianyu;Zhang Ji;Huang Fengchun;Chen Jianli(Beijing 100871;Wuhan 430077)

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871 [2]湖北省文物考古研究所,湖北武汉430077

出　　处：《江汉考古》2020年第2期110-115,123,共7页Jianghan Archaeology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“随州叶家山西周曾国墓地考古发掘报告”(批准号:14ZDB051);“先秦时期中原与边疆地区冶金手工业考古资料整理与研究”(批准号:17ZD219);国家重点研发计划课题“无机质文物的技术发展及其与文明关系研究”(课题编号:2019YFC1520205);郑州中华之源与嵩山文明研究会重大课题“中国铜铁技术发展史--以中原地区为中心”资助资助

摘　　要：叶家山M111出土的铁援铜戈,据形制及纹饰特征可判断为殷墟二期的器物,是继藁城台西、平谷刘家河之后,经科学发掘出土的第三件商代铁质器物,也是目前中国南方地区发现的时代最早的铁质器物。该戈的铁援部分为陨铁材质,使用了当时相当珍贵的金属材料;铁刃锻制后嵌于范内,再以青铜铸出援部。商代铁援铜戈出于叶家山西周曾侯墓中,很可能与周初的"分器"有关。A bronze ge-dagger with iron yuan-blade was unearthed from the tomb M111 at the Yejiashan cemetery. Given the shape and form as well as the motifs, it is believed that the dagger was manufactured in the Phase Ⅱ of the Yinxu Period. The dagger thus becomes the third bronze ge-dagger with iron yuan-blade of the Shang Dynasty that was obtained through archaeological excavation, following those found at the Taixi site in Gaocheng(Hebei Province) and the Liujiahe site in Pinggu(Beijing).The dagger is also the earliest iron artifact discovered thus far in South China. The yuan-blade was made of meteoric iron, an undoubtedly precious metal material at the time. It is suggested that the blade was hammered first and then inserted in clay moulds for bronze casting, during which the other parts of the dagger were cast and shaped. The discovery of the Shang bronze ge-dagger with iron yuan-blade at the Yejiashan Cemetery may conform to the written record of fenqi(the Zhou king bestowing highly precious items on the vassal states) for the Early Zhou period.

关 键 词：铁援铜戈 陨铁 叶家山墓地 

分 类 号：K871.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]