牛奶酒酿造过程中微生物多样性的动态变化  

Study on Dynamic Changes of Microbial Diversity in Milk Wine Brewing Process

作　　者：林少华[1] 贾红亮[1] 李星宇 罗红霞[1] LIN Shao-hua;JIA Hong-liang;LI Xing-yu;LUO Hong-xia(Department of Food and Biological Engineering,Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture,102442 Beijing)

机构地区：[1]北京农业职业学院食品与生物工程系,北京102442

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2020年第4期39-43,共5页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：北京农业职业学院科技研发推广类项目《新型牛奶酒的研制》(XY-YF-18-21);北京市财政支持特高校建设专项-食品营养与安全应用技术协同创新中心项目(PXM2020-157102-000025)。

摘　　要：奶酒营养丰富,保健效果好。本文研究了奶酒在酿造过程中微生物多样性的动态变化,结果表明:细菌的Shannon指数先下降后上升,共发现变形菌门、厚壁菌门、蓝藻门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门5个门,其中,变形菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度占比最高。乳球菌属的相对丰度在发酵前期不断增长,到第3天达到峰值,为37.99%,然后开始下降并保持一定的比例。奶酒发酵过程中真菌的Shannon指数一直处于下降趋势,共鉴定到6个门,分别是壶菌门、担子菌门、孢霉门、隐真菌门、芽枝霉门和子囊菌门,其中,芽枝霉门的相对丰度随着发酵时间的延长而不断下降,子囊菌门的相对丰度随着发酵时间的延长而不断增加。在发酵的前6d,丰度占比最高的为酵母菌属,其相对丰度基本保持在62%左右,其次是曲霉属,比例约为33%。Milk wine has rich nutrition and good health effect.The dynamic changes of microbial diversity in dairy wine during brewing were studied.The results showed that the Shannon index of bacteria first decreased and then increased.Five phylums were found:Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Cyanobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria.Among them,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the highest.The relative abundance of Lactococcus increased in the early stage of fermentation,peaked at 37.99%on the third day,and then began to decline and maintain a certain proportion.The Shannon index of fungi in the fermentation process of dairy wine has been in a downward trend.It has been identified to six phylums,namely,Chytridiomycota,Basidiomycota,Mortierellomycota,Rozellomycota,Mucoromycota,and Ascomycota.The relative abundance of Mucoromycota decreased with the prolongation of fermentation time,but the relative abundance of Ascomycota increased with the prolongation of fermentation time.In the first 6 days of fermentation,Saccharomyces was the most abundant species,and its relative abundance remained about 62%,followed by Aspergillus,which accounted for about 33%.

关 键 词：牛奶酒 高通量测序 多样性 动态变化 

分 类 号：TS252.1[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]