19世纪末纽约市肺结核病防治措施研究  

Study on the Prevention and Control Measures of Tuberculosis in New York City at the End of the 19th Century

作　　者：李晶[1] LI Jing

机构地区：[1]西南大学历史文化学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2020年第2期4-13,127,共11页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“纽约市公共卫生制度的构建与完善研究(1866—1920)”(16CSS020)阶段性成果;西南大学创新团队项目“东西方主要国家社会转型比较研究(SWU1709113)”中期成果。

摘　　要：19世纪下半期,美国各大城市先后展开多次传染病治理活动,其中纽约市结核病防治运动规模最大、影响深远。纽约市卫生局开创性地设立"卫生实验室",测试诊断结核病,创建病例报告制度,开展卫生宣传与教育,规范居民卫生习惯,将城市环境卫生的治理转向预防传染病,为而后政府利用"细菌理论"扩张卫生权力找到合法性来源。民间团体展开的防治活动有效弥补了行政管辖的缺位与不足。纽约市的肺结核病防治运动成为美国其他城市治理传染病的典范。In the second half of the 19th century,major cities in the United States had launched many infectious disease control activities.Among them,the New York City tuberculosis prevention and control campaign had the largest scale and far-reaching impact.New York City Health Bureau set up“health laboratory”creatively,test diagnosis of tuberculosis,created case report system,carried out health publicity and education,and standardized the health habits of residents.These measures not only turned the management of urban environment health to the prevention of infectious diseases,but also become the legal basis for the government to expand the health power by using the“bacterial theory”.The prevention and control activities carried out by non-governmental organizations effectively make up for the absence and deficiency of administrative jurisdiction.New York City’s tuberculosis campaign had become a model for other cities in the United Stat es to fight infectious diseases.

关 键 词：卫生实验室 病例登记制度 公共卫生教育 细菌理论 慈善组织 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生]