19世纪英国的慈善医疗与济贫医疗  

Charity Medicine and Poverty Relief Medicine in Britain in the 19th Century

作　　者：王广坤[1] WANG Guangkun

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2020年第2期14-24,127,共12页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目“英国城市化进程中的疾病、医疗与死亡(1836—1914)”(2015T80678)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：19世纪,英国疫病泛滥,慈善捐献的志愿医院与济贫医疗为下层民众提供了免费医疗服务。但是,志愿医院的医生与管理者很难分辨求诊者是否有资格接受免费诊疗,导致门诊滥用,引发改革争论。济贫法体制下的医疗服务有效地保障了下层民众身心健康,但随后的《新济贫法》侧重于院内济贫的行政管制及赋予医生过多责任,导致改革频频。1911年,英政府颁布《国民保险法》,统筹吸纳改革成果,将两大医疗服务体系纳入到国有化的医疗保险制度中,为构建英国现代医疗服务体系奠定了基础。The epidemic spread in England in the 19th Century.Voluntary hospitals donated by charity and poverty relief medicine provided free services for the lower class.However,it was difficult for doctors and managers in voluntary hospitals to distinguish whether a patient was qualified to receive free diagnosis and treatment,leading to abuse of outpatient services and the debate of reform.The medical service under the system of poverty relief law effectively guaranteed the physical and mental health of the lower class,but the subsequent the New Poor Law focused on the administrative control of poverty relief in the hospital and gave doctors too much responsibility,resulting in frequent reforms.In 1911,the British government promulgated the National Insurance Law,which incorporated the results of the reform,and incorporated the two major medical service systems into the nationalized medical insurance system,which laid the foundation for the construction of the modern medical service system in Britain.

关 键 词：慈善医疗 志愿医院 济贫法 医疗服务 下层民众 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生]