circRNAs在消化系恶性肿瘤中的研究进展  

Role of circular RNAs in digestive system malignancies

作　　者：侯钦 林洁纯 吴灵飞[1] Qin Hou;Jie-Chun Lin;Ling-Fei Wu(Department of Gastroenterology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College,Shantou 515041,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]汕头大学医学院第二附属医院消化内科,广东省汕头市515041

出　　处：《世界华人消化杂志》2020年第11期417-427,共11页World Chinese Journal of Digestology

基　　金：教育部广东省高水平大学重点学科建设“感染性疾病研究与防治”项目,No.粤财教[2015]286号.

摘　　要：消化系恶性肿瘤在全球范围内具有极高的发病率及致死率,严重危害了人类的生命健康,然而在早期诊断以及有效治疗上仍面临诸多挑战.环状RNAs(circular RNAs,circRNAs)是一类以共价键形成闭合环状结构的长链非编码RNA.由于环状RNAs不具有5’帽结构和3’poly A尾巴,因此与线性RNA相比,环状RNAs具有更高的稳定性、丰富性和进化保守性.其表达还具有组织特异性和时序特异性.这些特征赋予circRNAs多种潜在的生物学功能,例如作为微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)海绵,通过结合miRNAs进而解除miRNAs对其靶基因的抑制,发挥竞争性内源RNA功能;或通过RNA结合蛋白形成RNA蛋白复合物,参与蛋白功能的调控.近年来,越来越多的研究表明,circRNAs在消化系恶性肿瘤的发生和发展中发挥重要作用,未来有望成为肿瘤诊断的分子标志物或药物治疗的潜在靶点.本文就circRNAs在消化系恶性肿瘤中的研究进展作一简述.Gastrointestinal malignancies have very high morbidity and mortality worldwide,seriously endangering human life and health.However,there are still many challenges in their early diagnosis and effective treatment.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a new class of endogenous long non-coding RNAs characterized by covalently closed loops.Because they do not have a 5’cap structure and a 3’poly(A)tail,circRNAs have higher stability,abundance,and evolutionary conservation than linear RNAs.CircRNAs are expressed in a tissue-or developmental stage-specific manner.These features produce various potential biological functions of circRNAs,such as acting as sponges of microRNAs(miRNAs;circRNAs bind to miRNAs to eliminate the inhibitory effect of miRNAs on their target genes and play a role of competing endogenous RNAs)or forming RNA protein complexes through RNA binding proteins,participating in the regulation of protein functions.In recent years,more and more studies have shown that circRNAs play a vital role in the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors.At the same time,their enormous potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target is also evolving.In this review,we summarize the latest research progress of circRNAs in digestive system malignancies.

关 键 词：环状RNAs 竞争性内源RNA 消化系恶性肿瘤 生物标志物 

分 类 号：R735[医药卫生—肿瘤]