独生子女与创业意愿——基于“差别养育”视角的研究  

Only Child and Entrepreneurial Intention Based on the Perspective of“Different Treatment by Parents”

作　　者：蔺楠 张茜 周炜 LIN Nan;ZHANG Qian;ZHOU Wei(College of Business,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai,200433,China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学商学院,上海200433

出　　处：《经济管理》2020年第6期116-134,共19页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金;上海财经大学2019年研究生创新基金资助项目(CXJJ-2019-327)。

摘　　要：全面二胎政策并未带来生育率的上扬,现阶段独生子女总数仍在不断增多,并且这一群体呈现出较低的创业意愿。面对打造“双创”升级版和推动经济结构转型升级的需求,挖掘影响独生子女创业意愿的主要原因,激发其创业潜力显得尤为重要。本研究采用2016年上海财经大学在全国范围展开的“千村调查”——“中国农村创业现状调查”数据,基于独生子女父母的“差别养育”逻辑,首先检验独生子女与非独生子女在创业意愿上的差异,重点探索了父/母的风险规避程度和个体年龄对独生子女创业意愿的调节作用。研究验证了独生子女的创业意愿更低;同时研究发现父/母的风险规避程度加强了负向效应,尤其是母亲风险规避程度所起到的调节效应更为显著;但随着个体年龄的增长,负向效应逐渐减弱。研究结论揭示了个体早期人生经历对其行为影响的重要作用,丰富了个人背景因素对创业意愿的影响研究,有助于加深对不同成长阶段和家庭背景下独生子女的行为偏好变化的理解,以及为全方位推进创新创业提供新的政策洞见。“The Universal Two-child Policy”has not brought about a rise in fertility.At present,the total number of only children is still increasing,and they show a lower willingness to start a business.Faced with the requirements of creating upgraded“Widespread Entrepreneurship and Innovation”and promoting the transformation and upgrading of economic structure,it is particularly important to explore the main reasons that affect the entrepreneurial intention of only children and stimulate their entrepreneurial intentions.However,previous literature on the relationship between only children and their entrepreneurial intentions or entrepreneurial behaviors has not reached a unified conclusion and has not fully evaluated the boundary condition of these relationships.In addition,scholar suggests that“different treatment by parents”is one of the main reasons for the difference between only children and non-only children of the same age.For instance,parents of only children are more sensitive to their children's needs and behaviors and are more able to interact with their children in a way that promotes the development and pay more attention to their children.This kind of early life experience will affect the only child's personality and cognitive development,which in turn will affect their future career choices.Based on this,this study explores the following three questions:First,does the individual being an only child affect his or her willingness to start a business?Secondly,does the parent's risk aversion strengthen or weaken the relationship between the only children and their entrepreneurial intentions?And does the father or mother have a stronger influence?Finally,how does the individual's age moderate the relationship between the only children and their entrepreneurial intentions?This study adopted the“Thousand Villages Survey”conducted by Shanghai University of Finance and Economics in 2016-“China Rural Entrepreneurship Survey”to test the main hypotheses.Results indicate that:(1)compare to non-only c

关 键 词：独生子女 创业意愿 父母风险规避 个体年龄 

分 类 号：F279.2[经济管理—企业管理]