交通事故下的交通波特性分析--以广州市机场高速公路为例  

Analysis of Characteristics of Traffic Wave in Accidents--A Case Study of Guangzhou Airport Expressway

作　　者：冯树民[1] 年东 祁首铭 邱磊[2] 叱干都 FENG Shumin;NIAN Dong;QI Shouming;QIU Lei;CHI GAN Du(School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090,China;CCCC First Highway Consultants CO.,Ltd,Xi′an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学交通科学与工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150009 [2]中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《大连交通大学学报》2020年第3期1-6,40,共7页Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFC0803901)。

摘　　要：针对目前高速公路交通事故时空性质方面研究较为匮乏的现象,提出了一种交通事故时空分析下的交通波划分方法,用于从时空特性对交通事故进行微观分析.利用高速公路交通事故下的车辆时空图建立交通波分析模型,通过拥挤速度和交通事故风险函数获取交通事故的时间特性.分别对各个交通波和交通事故区域进行定义,通过图例展示交通事故的空间分解.通过交通波传播模型和速度及加速度的限制条件建立交通事故下的交通波空间模型,对处于交通波上的时空节点进行筛选以获取交通波方程.以广州市机场高速公路为例对部分事故段绘制车辆时空图,利用交通事故的时空特征对数据进行筛选确定了集结波,启动波,停止波和消散波的方程,集结波和消散波的波速及事故发生点坐标等信息.确定了拥堵区域和消散区域的位置,利用凸包算法计算其面积,同时将该方法利用在该路段其他次的交通事故区域中以得到该方法的普适性.该特性分析方法同样可以用于其他交通事件的微观分析以及特性建模中,具有很强的理论和现实意义.As the expressway accident is lack of the research in time and space,a traffic wave partition method is proposed based on the time-space analysis of traffic accidents to conduct the microscopic analysis of traffic accidents carried out from time-space characteristics.Based on the vehicle space-time diagram of expressway traffic accident,the traffic wave analysis model is established.The time characteristics of traffic accident are obtained by congestion velocity and the risk function of traffic accident.The definition of traffic wave and accident area is defined,and the spatial decomposition of traffic accidents is presented through illustrations.The velocity of the aggregation wave is obtained by the traffic wave propagation model and the limiting conditions for velocity and acceleration.In the example,the vehicle space-time diagram is drawn by the accident section of Guangzhou airport expressway.The equations of four kinds of traffic waves are determined by selecting the data based on the space-time characteristics of the traffic accident.The location of the congestion area and dissipation area is also determined,and the convex hull algorithm is used to calculate its range and area.Meanwhile,the method is used in other traffic accident areas of the road section to obtain the universality of the method.The characteristic analysis method can also be used in the micro analysis and characteristic modeling of other traffic events,which has great theoretical and practical significance.

关 键 词：交通波 车辆时空图 交通事故区域 风险函数 传播模型 

分 类 号：U491.31[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]