英汉完成体否定对比分析  

A contrastive analysis of the negation of perfect aspect in English and Chinese

作　　者：王文斌 祝丽丽 Wang Wenbin;Zhu Lili

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学中国外语与教育研究中心,北京100089 [2]菏泽学院外国语学院,山东菏泽274015

出　　处：《外语教学》2020年第3期1-9,共9页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“英汉时空性特质差异与英汉二语习得的关系研究”(项目编号:18AYY003)的阶段性研究成果;北京外国语大学北京高校高精尖学科“外语教育学”建设项目的支持。

摘　　要：本文通过BCC英汉对齐语料库,对比分析英汉完成体否定句,以阐释其差异的成因。研究发现:1)英汉完成体否定句数量差异悬殊,前者远低于后者;2)尽管英汉完成体否定都由"领有动词的否定+动词"构成,但英语完成体否定结构中的领有动词是时间的载体,其后的动词过去分词为体标记,二者共同构成"时体"结构,而汉语完成体否定结构中的"没(有)"不表示时间,其后的动词具有空间性;3)英语完成体否定所对应的汉语有体无时,而汉语完成体否定所对应的英语却必定有"时"。英汉完成体否定之间的差异反映了英语强时间性和汉语强空间性的本质差异。Based on the BCC aligned English-Chinese corpus,this paper makes a contrastive analysis of the negative sentences of perfect aspect in English and Chinese,and intends to explain the causes of their differences.The main findings are as follows:1)There is a great gap between the number of negative sentences of perfect aspect in English and that in Chinese,with the former far lower than the latter;2)Although both of the negative forms of perfect aspect in the two languages are composed of“negative form of possessive verb+V”,the English possessive verb is also the carrier of tense,and together with the subsequent verb forms(past participles,which are aspect markers),it constitutes a“tense”and“aspect”structure,while“mei(you)”in the Chinese negation structure does not represent tense,and the verbs that follow are of spatiality;and 3)The corresponding Chinese expression of the English negation of perfect aspect only indicates aspect rather than time,whereas the corresponding English expression of the Chinese negation of perfect aspect must contain at least a verb that indicates time.These differences between the English and Chinese negations reflect the essential difference between English strong temporality and Chinese strong spatiality.

关 键 词：完成体 否定 BCC语料库 英语时间性 汉语空间性 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]