道德与morality之关系辨正  

On the Relationship between Morality and“morality”

作　　者：秦际明 QIN Ji-ming(Department of Philosophy,Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai Campus,Zhuhai Campus 519000,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学珠海校区哲学系,广东珠海519000

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期43-50,共8页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“现代中国哲学的诠释困境与经学转向研究”(17CZX030)的研究成果。

摘　　要：现代伦理学的重要主题是探讨道德的语言用法与规范性蕴含,尤其是在现代中国哲学与中国伦理学中,流行以道德观念为核心来诠释儒家思想。需要注意的是,以汉语词"道德"翻译西文moral或morality存在观念上的龃龉之处。Morality意指一个人的行为的正当性与规范性,若以中文术语译之,更恰当的对应是儒家之谓伦常、义或谓道义。汉语"道德"的意涵比伦常或者义要广泛,道德本于天道而成就于人道。先秦诸子皆称道德,儒家以仁义充实之,故后世以仁义道德连用。仁义道德与morality的一致性在于其为行为规范的内涵与价值,但仁义道德尤指君子已经表现出来的品质、能力及其教化百姓、泽被众生的功德,而morality则强调个体意志的自由、自觉选择所产生的行为规范性,含义相对较窄。以道德对译morality,并反过来用作为译名的"道德"来诠释中国哲学与中国伦理学,可谓是中国传统基于现代处境自我调适所产生的反向格义。The important theme of modern ethics is to explore the language usage and normative implication of morality,especially in modern Chinese philosophy and ethics,and popular moral concepts are the core to interpret Confucianism.It should be noted that there are conceptual differences in the translation of“moral”or“morality”in the western languages.Morality refers to the legitimacy and standardization of a person s behavior.If translated in Chinese terms,the more appropriate correspondence is called ethics,righteousness,or morality in Confucianism.The meaning of“morality”in Chinese is much broader than that of“Lunchang”or“Yi”,and“morality”is based on heaven and achieved in humanity.All the pre-Qin philosophers called it morality,and Confucianism enriched it with benevolence and righteousness,so later generations combined benevolence and righteousness with morality.The consistency between benevolence and morality lies in its connotation and value as a code of conduct.However,benevolence and morality,especially the qualities and abilities that have been realized by gentlemen,and the merits and virtues of educating the common people and benefiting all living beings,are relatively narrow in meaning,which emphasizes the code of conduct produced by the free and conscious choice of individual will.To interpret Chinese philosophy and Chinese ethics by moral translation and vice versa is the reverse analogical interpretation of Chinese tradition based on self-adjustment of modern situation.

关 键 词：MORALITY 道德 道义 礼义 反向格义 

分 类 号：B27[哲学宗教—中国哲学]