汉语需要中动范畴吗  

Does Chinese Really Need Middle Voice

作　　者：吴怀成[1] WU Huɑi-chenɡ(Shanghai University of International Business and Economics,Shanghai 201620)

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学国际商务外语学院,上海201620

出　　处：《汉语学习》2020年第3期56-67,共12页Chinese Language Learning

摘　　要：中动是印欧语系语言的语态范畴之一,与主动语态、被动语态相对,其典型标志是受事充当主语,谓语陈述主语所具有的某种性质。汉语动词没有语态范畴,尽管汉语有表达印欧语系语言的中动语义的一些句式,但是没有必要把这些句式都称作中动句式。汉语所表达的中动语义的句式,本质上都是受事主语句,属于非事件性评议句。中动范畴在汉语中无论从描写还是从理论上看,都没有存在的价值,从理论简洁性角度看,应该予以取消。Middle Voice is one of the categories in European languages,which is relative to active voice and passive voice and whose typical characteristic is its patient subject and predicate describing the property of its patient subject.Although it can express the meaning of middle voice in European languages,Chinese doesn’t have voice categories.The so-called Chinese middle sentence patterns are all patient-subject sentence patterns,which belong to non-eventive commentsentences in nature.The middle voice category in Chinese is of no worth from the aspects of both description and theory,so it should be discarded from the perspective of theoretical concision.

关 键 词：中动 语态 受事主语句 评议句 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]