内蒙古东部农业热量资源的空间分异及玉米资源利用率  

Spatial Heterogeneity of Agricultural Thermal Resources and Use Efficiency of Maize in Eastern Inner Mongolia

作　　者：郭佳 张宝林[1,2] 高聚林 王志刚[3] 宋佳欣[1] GUO Jia;ZHANG Baolin;GAO Julin;WANG Zhigang;SONG Jiaxin(College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010020, China;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Hohhot 010020, China;College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学化学与环境科学学院,呼和浩特010020 [2]内蒙古自治区环境化学重点实验室,呼和浩特010020 [3]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2020年第3期476-486,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300803,2018YFD0300403);内蒙古师范大学研究生科研创新基金(CXJJS19125)。

摘　　要：利用2017—2018年内蒙古东部(赤峰市、通辽市、兴安盟和呼伦贝尔市)及其周边35个气象站点日均温数据,基于≥10℃初始日、终止日、持续时间、积温和生长季(5—9月)积温占比,研究该区域农业热量资源的空间分异和资源潜力,并通过区域联合试验分析当前农户传统种植模式下玉米的资源利用状况。结果表明:内蒙古东部农业热量资源呈现东南-西北方向倾斜的纬度地带性,赤峰市、通辽市和兴安盟东南部热量资源较丰富,而兴安盟西北部和呼伦贝尔市热量积累相对不足;玉米生长季总热量与玉米产量密切相关,充分利用热量资源是玉米增产的重要因素;内蒙古东部≥10℃温度初始日差异大,通过选择适宜播期充分利用春季热量资源,是实现作物高产的必要条件。生长季积温占比的空间变异表明,在温凉区适时播种,在温暖、温热区种植晚熟品种,可充分利用农业热量资源,提高粮食产量。Based on the daily average temperature data form 35 meteorological stations and adjacent to the research area in eastern Inner Mongolia(Chifeng,Tongliao,Hinggan League and Hulunbuir)and the information about the initial,terminal and duration time of temperature≥10℃,accumulated temperature≥10℃,and ATgs[accumulated temperature of growing season(May-September)]in 2017-2018,the spatial heterogeneity of agricultural thermal resources and potentials,resource use efficiency of maize growth had been studied by traditional agricultural production modes after analyzing the regional combined experiments.The study showed that southeast-northwest latitude zonality were rich in argicultural thermal resources in south of Chifeng city and Tongliao city and southeast of Hinggan League,whereas the thermal accumulations were relatively inadequate in the northwest of Hinggan League and Hulunbuir city;maize yield was closely related to total thermal resources in its growing season and full use of thermal resources may increase maize yield.Therefore,the adequate utilization of spring thermal resources by choosing appropriate sowing time was necessary to achieve high yield in eastern Inner Mongolia where the temperature≥10℃of the initial days had a great difference.By selecting proper sowing dates,the optimum use of agricultural thermal resources is necessary condition for increasing grain yield.The spatial heterogeneity of ATgs indicated that timely sowing in cool temperate areas and selecting late mature cultivars in warm and hot regions could increase grain yield through adequate utilization of agricultural thermal resources.

关 键 词：内蒙古 热量资源 积温 玉米 气候变化 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]