学位形态变革与《学位法》的制定  

The Reformation of Academic Degree Form and the Formulation of Academic Degree Law

作　　者：湛中乐[1] 李烁 ZHAN Zhong-le;LI Shuo(Law School of Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2020年第3期58-68,共11页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“公法争议与公法救济研究”(16JJD820001)。

摘　　要：我国由《学位条例》确立的学位制度在形态上是国家学位,与之相对应的是以美国为代表的大学学位。在学位形态上坚守国家学位抑或转变为大学学位是《学位条例》修订中绕不开的前提性议题。作为我国学位形态的核心制度,学位授权制度的缺陷虽能通过"修补"得以完善,但其与学位制度目标的不适应性、时代滞后性决定了学位授权制度的正当性难以证成,加之为落实国务院"放管服"要求,《学位法》在学位形态上应实现由国家学位向大学学位的变革。体现在立法思路上,首先是学位授权审核的放开,高校一经获得办学许可即享有学位授予权。在此基础上,为保障学位授予质量,由国家对高等教育认证机构进行认可,再由经国家认可而具备相应资质的高等教育认证机构对高校整体及其专业进行认证。这一过程中,国家通过认可标准、认证标准以及学位授予最低条件的设定间接参与对学位授予质量的控制。The degree system established by Academic Degree Regulation in China is a national degree in form, corresponding to the university degree represented by the United States.In terms of the choice of academic degree form, Sticking to the national degree or transforming it into a university degree is an unavoidable prerequisite in the revision of "Academic Degree Regulation".As the core system of the national degree, the defects of academic degree authorization system can be perfected through "remediation", but its incompatibility with the goal of academic degree system and the lag of the times determine that the legitimacy of academic degree authorization system is difficult to justify.In addition, to implement the reform of the State Council’s "Delegating Power and Optimizing Service", the change from national degree to university degree should be realized in the choice of academic degree form of Academic Degree Law.Reflected in the legislative approach, it means that the abolishment of academic degree authorization, that is, colleges and universities enjoy the right to grant degrees while obtaining school license.On this basis, to guarantee the quality of academic degree award, higher education accreditation agencies should be recognized by the state, and then the higher education institutions and specialties should be accredited by higher education accreditation agencies.In this process, the state indirectly participates in controlling the quality of academic degree award by setting recognition standards, accreditation standards and minimum conditions for academic degree award.

关 键 词：学位立法 国家学位 大学学位 《学位法》 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]