标记性与语法格式的识别——以“不是A,就是B”为例  

Markedness and Identification of Grammatical Patterns--Taking BushiA,JiushiB(不是A,就是B)as an Example

作　　者：朱颖华 马国彦 ZHU Ying-hua;MA Guo-yan(School of International Chinese Studies,East China Normal University,Shanghai200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学国际汉语文化学院,上海200062

出　　处：《贵州工程应用技术学院学报》2020年第2期14-21,共8页Journal of Guizhou University Of Engineering Science

摘　　要："不是A,就是B"在现代汉语中有两类语法意义:一是表"二者必居其一";二是表否定A项,肯定B项。从标记性角度对二者的区别做了细致的描写和分析。研究发现,"不是A,就是B"是一种同形异质的结构式,在无标记的情况下是一个表选择的构式,而在出现一些特定标记时则是一个表对比的组合性的语法格式。与结构的识别有关的标记手段包括语音形式、共现词语、语法成分等。汉语教学中可以通过这些标记帮助学生更好地掌握"不是A,就是B"的用法。Bushi A,Jiushi B(不是A,就是B)in modern Chinese has two grammatical meanings:one is“either A or B”,the other is“not A,but B”.This paper closely depicts and analyzes the difference between these two grammatical meanings from the perspective of markedness.According to this analysis,with one same form,bushi A,jiushi B has different nature.When there is no mark in the context,the pattern is a construction meaning two alternative choices.When there are some specific marks in the context,the pattern is a combinatorial structure showing contrast.These marking devices,which are related to the identification of distinct patterns,include phonetic features,co-occurring words and some syntactic methods.In the teaching of Chinese as a second language,we can help students better understand and use bushi A,jiushi B by revealing to them the effect of these marking devices.

关 键 词：“不是A 就是B” 标记性 构式 格式 

分 类 号：H05[语言文字—语言学]