北太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓钓钩垂直分布及浸泡时间对渔获物的影响  

Effects of vertical distribution and soaking time of tuna longline fishing hooks on catches in North Pacific

作　　者：党莹超 戴小杰[1] 吴峰[1] DANG Yingchao;DAI Xiaojie;WU Feng(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University/Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-Water Fisheries/National Engineering Research Center for Distant-Water Fisheries/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院/远洋渔业协同创新中心/国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心/大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2020年第3期86-93,共8页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：浙江省2018年远洋渔业金枪鱼探捕项目(SZGXZS2018020);农业农村部远洋渔业观察员项目(08-25)。

摘　　要：根据中国金枪鱼延绳钓渔业观察员于2018年9-12月在北太平洋公海(150°W-164°W,30°N-37°N)采集的金枪鱼延绳钓渔获数据,分析了钓钩的垂直分布及浸泡时间与渔获物之间的关系。结果表明,11种主要渔获物钓获深度差异很大,鲣(Katsuwonus pelamis)的平均钓获深度最浅,大青鲨(Prionace glauca)最深;除大青鲨和帆蜥鱼(Alepisaurus ferox)外,其他兼捕鱼类的钓钩深度分布与大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus,目标鱼种)之间差异显著;随着浸泡时间的增加,总渔获率呈先增加后下降的趋势,10~14 h内渔获率较高,且在第10小时达到峰值[1.44尾·(千钩·h)-1];浸泡时间在10~16 h内大眼金枪鱼的渔获率较高,且在第11小时达到峰值[0.45尾·(千钩·h)-1]。研究结果可为渔业生产和CPUE的标椎化提供参考,为制定有效减少兼捕鱼种的管理措施提供科学依据。We investigated the relationship between vertical distribution and soaking time of hooks and catches collected in the North Pacific(150°W−164°W,30°N−37°N)from September to December 2018 by the Chinese Longline Fisheries Observer Programme.The results show that the depth ranges of 11 main species were different.The species with the shallowest and deepest depths were Katsuwonus pelamis and Prionace glauca,respectively.Except for Prionace glauca and Alepisaurus ferox,the mean depth and depth distributions of bycatch species were significantly different from those of the targeted Thunnus obesus.With the increase of soaking time,the total catch rate firstly increased and then decreased.Besides,it was higher in 10~14 h,which reached the maximum value at 10th hour[1.44 ind·(1000 hooks·h)−1].The catch rate of bigeye tuna was higher in 10~16 h,which reached the maximum value at 11th hour[0.45 ind·(1000 hooks·h)−1].The results provide references for the fishing strategy and catch per unit effort(CPUE)standardization as well as formulating effective management measures to reduce the bycatch species.

关 键 词：金枪鱼延绳钓 垂直分布 浸泡时间 渔获物 北太平洋 

分 类 号：S971[农业科学—捕捞与储运]