宁夏生态移民安置区人地耦合系统脆弱性分析  

Vulnerability analysis of man-land coupling system in Ningxia ecological resettlement area

作　　者：苗红[1] 贾菲[1] 耿一睿 孔云霄 邓慧丽[1] MIAO Hong;JIA Fei;GENG Yi-rui;KONG Yun-xiao;DENG Hui-li(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Ningxia University,Yingchuan 750021,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学资源环境学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2020年第3期796-806,共11页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41461119)资助。

摘　　要：基于2016年农户访谈和调查数据,依托脆弱度整合评价模型(VSD)从暴露度、敏感性、适应能力3个层次共选取了29个指标,构建了宁夏生态移民安置区人地耦合系统脆弱性评价指标体系,使用熵权法、综合指数法及函数模型评价法评价和分析其脆弱程度、特征和空间分异,并借助障碍度模型对脆弱性障碍因子进行了识别。结果表明:(1)宁夏生态移民脆弱性呈现明显的"级差化"分异特征,平均脆弱性指数为0.151 1,总体处于较强脆弱状态。(2)宁夏生态移民人地耦合系统整体较为脆弱,表现为:中部干旱带>北部引黄灌区>南部山区,在空间上呈现"中部高南北低"的地域分布特征。暴露度表现为:南部山区>中部干旱带>北部引黄灌区;敏感性表现为:中部干旱带>北部引黄灌区>南部山区;适应能力表现为:南部山区>北部引黄灌区>中部干旱带。(3)成年劳动力受教育程度、家庭成年劳动力职业技能水平、是否参与社区建设和社区管理、能否获得贷款机会、对土地质量满意度(温棚)和家庭借贷金额等是影响宁夏生态移民安置区人地耦合系统脆弱性的主导因素。Since 1980 s,considering the global climate change and under the pressures of environment and poverty,the Chinese government has conducted environmentally-induced migration projects in areas with fragile environment.After 2000,the government transferred its emphasis from poverty relief to environmental protection and reservation.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is an important ecological preservation and migration project implemented in the northwest of China.From 1982 to 2015,Ningxia has moved and resettled about one million(1 000 000) people and is planning to move more than eighty thousand people in the coming 13 th Five-Year-Plan period(2016-2020).Ningxia is surrounded from the west,north,and east by the Tengger Desert,Ulan Buh Desert,and Mu Us Sandland,respectively.From south,it is connected to the loess plateau,a very important ecological barrier in the northwest.The south mountainous area and the middle arid area of Ningxia are the main out-migration areas.The fragile ecological conditions,lack of water,and water and soil erosion together induced low capacity,and the population overload has led to severe poverty.The Liupan Mountain area in the south is one of the 16 China’s Key Poverty Reduction Regions.With half of the out-migration population from the Hui ethnic group,the environment-induced migration and resettlement in Ningxia are facing the pressures of ecological preservation,poverty reduction,ethnic development,and social harmony.In December 2015 and May to June 2016,interviews and surveys were conducted about migrants in Ningxia,covering 75 resettlement villages including four resettlement modes,Hui people village,Han people village,and Hui-Han mixed villages.Based on the survey data,the Vulnerability Scoping Diagram(VSD) was used in this paper to build an evaluation index system to assess the combined human-land system in the ecological resettlement area of Ningxia.It included three levels of exposure,sensitivity,and adaptability,and a total of 29 indicators.The entropy method,comprehensive index m

关 键 词：生态移民 脆弱性 人地耦合系统 宁夏 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]