耕作播种方式对稻茬小麦根系发育、土壤水分和硝态氮含量的影响  

Effects of different tillage and sowing practices on root growth,soil moisture,and soil nitrate nitrogen content of wheat after rice

作　　者：李明[1] 李朝苏[1] 刘淼 吴晓丽[1] 魏会廷[2] 汤永禄[1] 熊涛[1] LI Ming;LI Chao-su;LIU Miao;WU Xiao-li;WEI Hui-ting;TANG Yong-lu;XIONG Tao(Institute of Crop Research,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of Southern China,Chengdu 610066,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China).)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院作物研究所/南方丘区节水农业研究四川省重点实验室,成都610066 [2]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,成都610066

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第5期1425-1434,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300107);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-3)资助。

摘　　要：2016-2018年,以深旋耕播种模式为对照,研究了浅旋耕播种和免耕带旋播种模式对稻茬小麦根系发育、土壤水分和硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明:孕穗期以前免耕带旋播种和浅旋耕播种处理耕层土壤含水量高于深旋耕播种处理,而硝态氮含量低于深旋耕播种处理。拔节和开花期根重密度和根表面积密度处理间差异不显著。2016-2017年,3种耕播方式的产量和地上部分氮吸收量无显著差异;2017-2018年,免耕带旋播种和浅旋耕播种处理的产量较深旋耕播种分别增加10.9%和10.5%,地上部分氮吸收量分别增加17.5%和12.0%。与深旋耕播种和浅旋耕播种处理相比,免耕带旋播种处理播种效率高、断垄率低。综上,免耕带旋播种处理可提高稻茬小麦的播种质量,增强土壤保墒能力,降低氮淋溶风险,促进产量和环境效益的协同提升。With deep rotary tillage before sowing(DRT) as control, the effects of shallow rotary tillage with simultaneous sowing(SRT) and strip tillage under no tillage conditions along with sowing(NT) on root growth, soil moisture, and soil nitrate content of wheat(Triticum aestivum) after rice(Oryza sativa) were examined from 2016 to 2018. Compared with DRT, NT and SRT resulted in higher soil water content, and lower soil nitrate content in the plow layer before booting. There was no significant difference in root weight density and root surface area density among the treatments at jointing and anthesis stages. No significant difference was found in grain yield and aboveground plant nitrogen uptake among the treatments in the growing season of 2016-2017. In the growing season of 2017-2018, NT and SRT resulted in 10.9% and 10.5% higher grain yield and 17.5% and 12.0% higher aboveground plant nitrogen uptake than DRT, respectively. Compared with DRT and SRT, NT resulted in better work efficiency and lower seedling missing rate. In conclusion, NT could effectively improve sowing quality, enhance soil water storage ability, reduce the risk of soil nitrogen leaching, and ultimately enhance wheat yield and environmental benefits in the growing stage of wheat plantation after rice.

关 键 词：稻茬小麦 耕播方式 根系发育 土壤水分 土壤硝态氮含量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]